陕西榆林市丰润良种猪有限责任公司种公猪项目可研报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要:

t ot her s. H ow t he noveli st deal s wit h a m on subj ect . Oft en t he noveli st has t o i ncl ude i n hi s wor k som e m on subj ect s, but if he t reats t he m on subj ect s in an un mon way, it shows that he i s t ryi ng t o convey somet hi ng new or im por tant in t he novel. Maybe i t is t he theme t hat dem ands hi m t o do so. Im port ant sym bol s. Sym bols ar e loaded wit h im por t ant meani ngs. So i f a sym bol appear s repeat edl y or at i mport ant m om ent s, i t m ay poi nt to t he t heme of t he novel. A good exam pl e i s t he l et er “A” i n The Scarl et Let ter. Im port ant speeches. Char acter s tal k and i n t hei r t al k ar e r eveal ed t heir j udgm ent s of the ot her char act er s or event. The character s’ j udgments m ay gi ve im por tant cl ues to t he t heme. V. Obvi ous and unobvi ous them e O bvi ous theme: The t heme of a st or y, si nce we know, i s what ever gener al i dea or i nsi ght t he ent ir e stor y reveal s. I n som e stori es, t he them e i s rat her obvi ous. For exam pl e, i n Aesop’ s f abl e about the counci l of t he m i ce t hat cannot decide who wi l bel t he cat , t he t hem e i s stat ed i n t he m oral at t he end: “It i s easi er t o pr opose a thi ng t han t o car ry i t out . ” I n some novel s, t he ti tl e may of fer a suggest i on about the m ai n t heme. For exampl e, Jane Aust en’ s Pri de and Prej udi ce is named aft er i t s t hem e, and t he whole st or y unfol ds i tself ar ound t hat t hem e. I n som e novel s, t he t it le i s not so named but t he pl ot exist s pr im ar il y t o il lustr at e t he t hem e and it i s not ver y di f i cult f or us to i nfer what it is. For exam pl e, Uncl e Tom’s Cabi n by H. B. St owe and The Grapes of Wrat h by John Stei nbeck voi ce t he t hem es of sl avery and mi gr at or y l abor r espect i vel y. The ti tl e of The Grapes of Wrat h es f r om a li ne i n an ext remel y fam ous Ci vi l War song, “The Bat tl e Hym n of t he Republ ic. ” The l i ne i s, “He i s tr ampli ng out t he vi nt age wher e the Gr apes of wr ath ar e st ored,” whi ch means “an unj ust or oppr esive sit uat i on, act ion or poli cy that m ay i nf lame desir e f or vengeance: an expl osi ve condit i on. ” The song was writ t en by a fam ous and i nf luent i al soci al acti vist, Jul i a War d Howe. Unobvious t hem e: But in m ost li t er ary wor ks of fi cti on, t he t hem e i s sel dom so obvi ous. That i s, general y a t hem e is not a m or al nor a m essage, nei ther is i t cl ear l y conveyed i n t he ti tl e. When we fi nish r eadi ng a fi nel y wr ought st or y, i t i s easi er t o sum up t he pl ot —t o say what happens—t han to descr i be t he mai n idea. To say of Jam es Joyce’ s “Araby” t hat it i s about a boy who goes t o a bazaar t o buy a gi ft f or a young wom an but ar ri ves t oo lat e is t o summ ari ze pl ot, not them e. In m any fi ne short st or i es, them e i s the cent er, t he m ovi ng f or ce, t he pri nci pl e of unit y. Cl ear ly, such a t hem e i s som et hi ng mor e t han t he char act er s and events of t he st ory. Most of t he shor t st ori es chal enge an easy e t heme. I n Hem i ngway’s “A Clean, Wel l Li ght ed Pl ace, ” as obser ved by Kennedy and Gioi a, t he events ar e rat her sim pl e—a young wait er m anages t o get ri d of t he ol d m an f r om t he caf 233。 and the ol der wait er st ops at a coff ee bar on hi s way home—but whi le t he events t hem sel ves seem r el ati vel y sl i ght, t he st or y as a whol e i s f ul of m eani ng. For a deep underst anding of t he m eani ng, we have t o l ook t o ot her elements of t he st ory besi des what happens i n it : nar rati ve, symbols, tone, t he dialogue bet ween the t wo wai ters, the m onol ogue of the ol der wai ter, etc. Evidentl y the author int ends us t o pay more at tenti on to t he thoughts and feeli ngs of t he older wait er , the char act er whose wor ds echo t he aut hor ’ s voi ce. One t ry on the theme may be: “The older wait er understands the ol d man and sym pat hizes wit h his need for a cl ean, wel l ighted place.” But here we ar e sti l t al king about what happens in the story, though we ar e not t r oubl e wi th the hero Jordan, yet he i s a main character as his wi fe Pi lar i s. Minor char acter s are t hose i n remot e and st ati c relat ion wi th the hero. It i s wr ong t o t hi nk that mi nor characters ar e al unimpor tant. I n som e novels, one or some of t he minor char act ers m ay ser ve a cr it ical rol e, str uct ural y or int er pret at ional y. Foil charact ers are ones that hel p enhance the i ntensi ty of t he hero by strengt heni ng or cont rast ing. They may be m ain charact ers or m inor characters. I n a wor d, they ser ve as foil s to the hero or heroi ne. Cohn i n The Sun Also Ri ses i s a good exampl e. He is one of the mai n charact ers. Like Jake, he is al so “l ost ,” t rying vai nl y t o escape the past by court ing wom en and dr inking. But dur ing t heir stay i n Spai n, Cohn di spl ays quali ti es i n cont rast to t hose cheri shed by Jake, whi ch makes Jake reali ze hi s own pr obl ems and fi nal ly f ind a sol ut ion, though tempor ar il y. Cohn wor ks mainl y by cont rast. Wilson i n The Gr eat Gatsby wor ks by present ing. Gat sby lost hi s lover to Tom and Wi lson lost hi s wi fe t o Tom. By pr esenting Wil son’s case t he noveli st i ntends t o point out the profound cause of Gatsby’s t ragedy. Dr. Watson in t he stori es of Sherlock Holm es serves as a foi l to t he hero, rendering t he det ect ive smar ter than he would ot her wi se appear t o t he r eader . By the degree of their devel opment , characters can be grouped as round charact ers and f lat charact ers. Thi s divi si on is pr oposed by For st er . Round characters are f ull y developed whi le f lat characters are not . Or we can sa。
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