02年3月高级口译(编辑修改稿)

02年3月高级口译(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

lies (D) she needed the money from surrogate parenting 2. The word ―row‖ in the sentence ―there was a lengthy row between the two sides‖ () can be replaced by ________. (A) negotiation (B) argument (C) munication (D) dialogue 3. It can be found from the passage that the contract between Beasley and wheeler and Berman ________. (A) was unfair to the surrogate mother (B) was quite prehensive and accepted by both parties (C) did not include clauses related to multiple pregnancy (D) specified the reduction of payment in case of multiple pregnancy 4. According to the passage, Beasley refused to terminate one of the fetuses out of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________. (A) her high blood pressure would lead to danger in operation 7 (B) both of the twin fetuses would face the risk of being lost (C) the termination would be too late after week 13 of her pregnancy (D) the decision to reduce fetuses was cruel and uhical 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? (A) Beasley is going to keep the twins herself. (B) Both sides are seeking potential parents. (C) The laws concerning surrogate mothering are different in the two countries. (D) The case is quite unusual pared with most other surrogate cases. Questions 6~10 Disaster crushes one man now, afterward others — Euripidies. If there are any bystanders left in the world—people on the sidelines, unaffected by major events of war, terrorism, global capitalism and technological change—they are very few. Inhabitants of remote Pacific islands or the forests of the Amazon might merit the description if they were not directly affected by environmental problems and the encroachment of mercial hunger for raw materials. Similarly, countries which claim neutrality are not really on no one’s side, they are on everyone’s side—as revealed by the fact that escaped allied prisoners could find safety in Switzerland during the war against Nazism, while at the same times their pursuers could equally safely bank their money there. But it is otherwise impossible for anyone now to stand aside from world affairs. It is an illusion to think that one can avoid the line of fire, or claim exemption from the effect of forces that smash and grind against each other internationally. Civilian populations are now frontline troops。 they became so in the 20th century’s wars, suffering bombing and deprivation, their mobilization in those immense struggles making them a target even in their homes, the aim being as much to unnerve as to kill them—for a demoralized enemy is as good as a defeated one. Terrorism has exactly the aim, as its name implies, of frightening civilian populations into forcing their governments to concede. It takes only a few determined people to achieve this, applying the lesson—learned from the Spartans at Thermopylae via the Russian bands which harassed napoleon’s retreating Grand Armee, to the resistance fighters and insurgents everywhere in the modern world—that small forces can defeat big ones。 in the case of whole populations, by means of psychological war. Thus a welldirected terrorist attack is destructive far beyond its primary site。 it can paralyze munications, clog the wheels of ordinary life, panic millions, wipe value off stock exchanges, destroy industries and thereby livelihoods—all as a function of purely psychological aftershock, whose effectiveness lies in its reaching further outward in space and time, radiating outwards from the original focus, in some respects intensifying in the process. Saying that there are no bystanders any more means that everyone is involved in everything. 8 Even inaction is action。 if you see someone injured and do nothing to help, you have acted negatively. There is a choice about one’s manner of involvement。 as witness, victim, fighter—for peace, and mon sense。 or as the kind who does physical battle, which is justified when it opposes greater evils—or as helper of the victims, since the only certainty is that there will always be victims. Running away does no good, especially psychological and intellectual running away. This does not just mean refusal to face the fact that we all now live in some degree of physical danger, even in our ordinary lives in otherwise peaceful circumstances. It also means refusal to recognize, think through and try to deal with the sources of that danger—the sources of resentment, suspicion, hatred and finally conflict within and between peoples. Among the main sources are these, and they are linked: disparities in wealth and power, and fundamental differences of culture, especially religious and moral culture. The link lies in the way wealth and power can, even if unintentionally, make those in poverty and weakness feel humiliated and therefore—in respect of their religious and moral culture—insulted. These inflame more concrete causes of opposition, such as exist in the Middle East, the Balkans and Ireland for more recent historical reasons. The mixture is always volatile, and the cants of nationalism, of the sacred or (worst of all) both are ever handy for whipping a dangerous minority into violent anger. The rest is tragedy. This analysis implies the remedy, infinitely easier to state than to effect. it is to make the world fairer, and to liberate it from the distorting influence of antiquated beliefs—at the very least, by removing them from the public arena, allowing everyone there to be an individual human being rather than a label, and inviting our respect accordingly. 6. In front of terrorism, according to the author, _________. (A) most of civilian populations are bystanders (B) no one can be a bystander today (C) there are still some bystanders in the world (D) a bystander is sure to be on the side of terrorists 7. Which of the following is closest i。