week7cultureandmanagement(编辑修改稿)

week7cultureandmanagement(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

E ng . G e r . I t s . J a p a n 95 8 6 58 57 52 4 8 39 38 3 4 34 30 3 5 •Femininity Score  Masculinity: man‟s world  Women in executive positions are smart and have learned to adapt and behave in a masculine way to pete in a man’s world.  Such women are less likely to demonstrate ‘‘soft’’ skills, especially in masculine national cultures.  Femininity: soft skills In feminine national cultures, such as in the Nordic countries or The Netherlands, soft skills are not only chosen by women, but are also practiced by men. Cultural differences List according to Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions of six countries （ 100＝ top； 50＝ medium） Country Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism Masculinity China 89 44 39 54 USA 30 21 100 74 Britain 21 12 96 84 France 73 78 82 35 Germany 21 47 74 84 Japan 32 89 55 100 Power distance Uncertainty avoidance strong weak small large hierarchical bureaucracy,pyramid of people, like France Welloiled machine impersonal bureaucracy, like Germany Village market, like States Family, like China The Group Dimension Low Group High Group Individualism Collectivism Personal Identity Social Identity Independence Inter dependence Theory „X‟ amp。 „Y‟ Theory „Z‟ Self Fulfilment Loyalty Who am I? 23 The Grid Dimension Low Grid High Grid Few Constraints Imposed Rules rules Freedom Control Anarchy Totalitarianism。