安化县20xx年节水灌溉工程可行性研究报告(编辑修改稿)

安化县20xx年节水灌溉工程可行性研究报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

h the hope of produci ng a ki nd of rice that coul d feed more peopl e. N ow, m any years l ater, Dr Yuan has another dream : to export hi s ri ce so that i t can be grown around the gl boe. O ne dream i s not al ways enough, especial y for a person who loves and cares for his peopl e. Chem i cal or anic farmi ng? O ver the past hal f century, using chemi cal fertil i zers has ve e very m on in farmi ng. Many farm ers wel ed them as great way to stop crop di sease and i ncrease producti on. Recentl y, however, sci enti sts have been fi nding that l ongterm use of these fertil izers can cause dam age to the l and and, even m ore dangerous, to peopl e’s heal th. What are som e of the probl em s caused by chemi cal fertil izers? Fi rst, they dam age the l and by kil li ng the hel pful bacteri a and pests as wel as the harm ful ones. Chem ical s al so stay i n the ground and underground water for a l onog ti me. Thi s affects crops and, therefore, anim al s and hum ans, si nce chemi cal s get i nsi de the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chem ical s in the food supl y buil d up i n people’s bodi es over tim e. Many of these chem i cal s can l ead to cancer or other i l neses. In additi on, fruit, vegetabl es and other food grown with chemi cal fertil i zers usual l y grow too fast to be ful of m uch nutri ti on. They m ay l ook beauti ful , but i nsi de there i s usual y m ore water than vi tam i ns and m i neral s. Wi th these di scoveri es, som e farm ers and m any custom ers are begi nni ng to turn to ani c farm i ng. O rgani c farmi ng i s sim pl y farm i ng wi thout usi ng any chemi cals. They focus on keepi ng thei r soil ri ch and free of di sease. A heal thy soi l reduces di sease and hel ps crops grow strong and heal thy. O rgani c farm ers, therefore, often prefer usi ng natural waste from anim al s as fertil izer. They feel that thi s m akes the soil i n thei r fi el ds ri cher i n m i neral s and so m ore fertil e. Thi s al so keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chem ical s. O rganic farm ers al so use many other m ethods to kep the soi l fertil e. They often change the knd of crop i n each fi el d every few years, for exam pl e, growi ng corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put im portant mi neral s back i nto the soi l, m aki ng i t ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertil e soil . O rgani c farm ers al so pl ant crops to use different levels of soi l, for exam pl e, pl anti ng peanuts that use the ground’s surface fol owed by vegetabl es that put down deep roots. Som e anic farm ers prefer pl anti ng grass between crops to prevent wi nd or water from caryi ng away the soil, and then leaving i t i n the ground to be e a natural fertil i zer for the next year’s crop. These m any di fferent anic farmi ng m ethods have the sam e goal : to grow good food and avoi d dam aging the envi ronm ent or peopl e’s health. An earl y farm er pi oneer Som e peopl e thought Ji a Si xie was a l ucky m an. H e had worked for the em peror and when he got ol d, he was abl e to go hi s hom etown to rel ax. Ji a Si xi e, however, had other pl ans. H e had al ways been i nterested i n agri cul ture and i ntended to do som ethi ng to m ake Chi nese farm i ng even beter. Jia Si xi e li ved i n the si x century AD. H e was born in Yidu i n Shandong provi nce and worked i n Gaoyang, which i s al so i n Shangdong. As he rode through the countrysi de on hi s journeys for hi s work he looked out at the fi el ds. Som e of them were greener and had m ore crops than others. Some cows and sheep l ooked heal thi er than others too. H e was l ost i n though. What coul d a farm er do to get good crops from hi s fi el ds? Surel y there m ust be rul es that woul d hel p them. H e thought he coul d use hi s knowl edge to fi nd out the best ways for farm ers to grow crops and then wri te a book to hel p them . In doi ng so he col ected i nform ation from farm ers who di d wel , studi ed i t and di d experi m ents to fi nd the best way. For exampl e, he studi ed ways of keepi ng seeds and advi sed farm ers to choose seedheads whi ch had the best color. Then he tol d them to hang them to dry al winter. The next spri ng the seeds shoul d be knocked out of thei r seedheads and pl anted. H e studi ed how to im prove the soil . H e advi sed farm ers to clear weeds from the ground before pl anti ng crops. They coul d either l et the anim al s eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot. Then he gave advi ce on Turi ng over the soi l. The fi rst ti m e each year, farm ers shoul d di g deeply, but the second tim e shoul d be l ess dep. Therefore the autumn pl oughi ng of the soi l shoul d be deeper thant the spri ng pl oughi ng. H e suggested changing crops i n the fi el d every year: ri ve one year and wheat the next so that they woul d al ways get good harvests. They shoul d al so grow different pl ants next to each other i n the fi el d. H e also gave adi ve on how to fi sh, keep a garden and even make wi ne. H e wrote down hi s i n a book cal l ed Qi Mi n Yao Shu, which was consi dered an im portant sum m ary of the knowl edge of farm i ng. For centuri es after Ji a Si xi e di ed, i t was studi ed by Chi nese farmers and students of agri cul ture. Unit 3 A MASTER O F NO N VERBAL H UMO UR As Victor H ugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been abl e to do thi s better than Charli e Chapli n. H e bri ghtened the l i ves of Am eri cans and Bri ti sh through two worl d wars and the hard years i n between. H e m ade peopl e laugh at a ti m e when they felt depressed, so they coul d feel m ore content wi th thei r li ves. Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! H e was born i n a poor fami l y i n 1889. Hi s parents were both poor m usi c hal l perform ers. You may fi nd i。