自考综合英语(一考试复习资料(编辑修改稿)

自考综合英语(一考试复习资料(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

neglected rights of children. I can hardly believe that he is the murderer. Although he has advantages ， it is still too early to say that he is sure to win. 2. 比较级与最高级的基本形式和用法 形容 词的比较级和最高级的构成为 : 单音节词一般在词尾加 er 和 est。 如果以 e 结尾，仅加 r 和 st。 如末尾仅有一个辅音字母，须双写词尾再加 er 和 est。 如果以 y 结尾的，把 y 变 i ，加 er ， est。 多音节单词和双音节词 ( 其中包括由分词和分词演变而来的形容词，如 :known ， worn ， wounded ， shocking ， striking ， interesting ， . 则在其前加 more 和 most。 有些形容词 的比较级和最高级是不规则的，如 :good(well)betterbest ， bad(ill)worseworst ， many(much)moremost ， littlelessleast ， farfarther(further)farthest(furthest) 有些形容词没有比较级形式，如 :absolute ， chief ， entire ， eternal ， excellent ， fatal ， final ， foremost ， inevitable ， infinite ， main ， naked ， perfect ， possible ， primary ， right ， sufficient ， supreme ， universal ， utter ， vital ， whole ， wooden ， ect. 例如 : Mary is the best student in the class. Further negotiation will be conducted next month. The food we have is sufficient . Needless to say ， he is stronger than his opponent. 一般副词的比较级和最高级与形容词一样，单音节的以在词尾加 er 和 est 构成，多音节的以加 more 和 most 的方法构成。 有些比较特殊 , 如： wellbetterbest ， badlyworseworst ， muchmoremost ， littlelessleast。 以 ly 结尾的副词，在其前面加 more ， most。 例如 : Tonny runs more beautiful than any other students in the class. Which do you like best ， Thorn Birds ， Gone With the wind or great expectation? I prefer less sugar in the milk. She get more ine every month than her husband. 形容词和副词的原级比较由 “as + 形容词或 副词 ( 或后跟名词或短语 )+as” 构成， “asas“ 前可加 not ， just ， almost ， nearly ， quite ， twice ， several times 等词修饰。 否定式中 not 后面的 as 可改为 so。 例如 :” Running for fifteen minutes will burn as much calories as walking for thirty minutes. Henan Province is several times as large as shanghai. Jimmy has as nervous a way of speaking as his father. Getting rid of a bad habit isn39。 t so simple as taking it up. 形容词与副词的比较级形式为 :“ 形容词 ( 副词 ) 比较级 +than+” ，应注意 than 前后相比较的人或物要一致。 比较级前可以跟 even ， much ， stilI 等副词修饰比较级，表示强调。 例如 : Mother worried much more about my younger brother than she did about me. Sound travels faster through water than through air. The economic development in south China is faster than that in North China . My books are much more than Li ping39。 s. 形容词与副词的最高级的形式分别为 :“the+ 形容词最高级 + 名词十范围表达 ” 和 “ 副词最高级十名词 + 范围表达 ” ，副词的比较级和最高级不需要加 the。 例如 : Our foreign exchange reserve didn39。 t decline despite the worst flood in sixty years. I finished the work more successfully than he had expected. 应注意以下表达式的含义 :the same as( 和 …… 一样 ) ， no less than( 不少于 ) ， not less than( 只有 ) ， had better( 最好 ) ， less than( 不到 ) ， more or less( 或多或少 ) ， other than( 除了 ) ， rather than( 而不是 ) ， the more…the more/less( 越 …… 就越 ……) 例如 :I am sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. You had better finish your homework today for the teacher will collect it tomorrow . We have received ten dozen of personal puters which are less than the amount we ordered. The visitors to the exhibition were not less than three hundred, which disappointed them very much. 时态与语态 1. 时态 现在完成时表示过去某时开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到现在，表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况。 常用状语 just, since, for, already, yet, ever, never, often, several times, lately, recently, during the last week, so far, up to now(the present) 等，由 since 引起短语（或从句）的句子里，主句的谓语应用完成时；若 since 引起一个从句，从句谓语可用过去时（表示行为的起点）。 只有在 “it is ……since” 的句型中，主句才可用也可不用完成时。 例如： Japanese is certainly difficult for me as I have never learned it before. We are living a hard life because Father has been unemployed for half a year. I have planted thirty trees since I moved here. 现在完成时与过去时的比较：现在完成时表示某一动作一直延续到现在或已经完成，强调结果；而过去时表示发生在过去的动作，强调过去的动作。 例如： He has read the book for two hours.( 强调动作的持续 ) He has read the book.（强调动作的完成） He read the book last night. （强调过去的动作，有过去时间状语） 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作。 例如： I still remember last summer vacation spent in Paris. That was the first time I had ever been to Europe. Since he had eaten before he came to the party, he refused the hostess 39。 s offer of a cake. 将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，分为一般将来完成时和过去将来完成时。 常用 by the time, at the end of 来引起。 例如： The debate will have begun by the time our English teacher arrives. Tonny bad thought the train would have left by the time he got to the station. At the end of next month, I will have finished this work. 现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作一直延续到说话时刚结束，或动作仍在进行中。 过去完成进行时表示动作延续到某一时间刚结束，或仍在进行。 例如： Eventually, I received the letter that I had been expecting for a long time. When she retires, will have been teaching here for over thirty years, but her classes are never dull. 2. 语态 英语分为主动词态和被动词态。 主动语态是指句中的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 英语中只有及物动词、动词短词和某些成语才能构成被动语态。 被动语态的构成形式为 “be+ 动词的 ed 分词 ”。 另外， “be+get+ 动词 ed 分词 ” 是特殊形式。 1 ）动词的被动语态有以下几种时态的变化（以 find 为例：） 现 在时： is (are)found 将来时： shall (will)be found 现在进行时： is (are)being found 现在完成时： have (has)been found 将来完成时： shall (will)have been found 过去时： was (were)found 过去将来时： should (would)be found 过去进行时： was (were)being found 过去完成时： had been found 过去将来完成时： should (would)have been found 例： Mineral water has been regarded by all people as a healthy drink. The program bad been conducted in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. 2 ）能作及物动词的短语动词也可用被动态，应注意其固定搭配。 例如： The problem will be taken care of as soon as possible. Although the mission was to be kept a secret, it was revealed to the press. 3 ）表示状态或特征的及物动词，如 :contain, cost, fit, have, lack, suit 等；不及物动词及动词短语，如： result from, belong to, consist of 等，不能用被动态。 例如： The magazine that I bought the day before yesterday costs me twenty and a ha。