中学英语语法资料大全(编辑修改稿)

中学英语语法资料大全(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

e professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has e. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3． Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes puters is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4． That 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which.。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who e to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿。 The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 The season that / which es after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。 Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 5． Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? （三） ―介词 +关系代词 ‖引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由 ―介词 +关系代词 ‖引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you 杂志带来。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台 球的男孩。 We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often 去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。 The manager whose pany I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose pany I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。 注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 如： look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正 ) 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking . (误 ) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正 ) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误） ２．若介词放在关系代词前 ，关系代词指人时只可用 whom，不可用 who, that；关系代词指物时只可用 which，不可用 that。 关系代词是所有格时用 whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正 ) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。 The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误 ) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really fortable. (正 )我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really fortable. (误 ) ３． ―介词 +关系代词 ‖前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。 如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。 Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。 （四）关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949 年 10 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生 活的那些年吗。 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗。 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道 他今天为什么看上去不愉快。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 ―介词 +关系代词 ‖引导的定语从句来表示。 如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。 Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 （五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号 ―， ‖与主句隔开。 用逗号 ―， ‖与主句隔开。 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如 删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上 译成先行词的定语： ―．．．的 ‖ 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上 A．作宾语时可省略 A．不可省略 B．可用 that B．不用 that C．可用 who 代替 whom C．不可用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依 靠的人。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。 非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who。