自考英语2考试大纲及模拟试题(编辑修改稿)

自考英语2考试大纲及模拟试题(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

25. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to _____. A. pare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the . B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of puters C. outline the history of the development of quakeresistant building D. report new development in constructing quakeresistant buildings Passage Two The advantage and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average ine than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports , roads, and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources , it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more plex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline. 26. A small population may mean _________. A. higher productivity , but a lower average ine B. lower productivity, but a higher average ine C. lower productivity and a lower average ine D. higher productivity and a higher average ine 27. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _______. A. agriculture B. transport system C. industry D. national economy 28. In a developed country , people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate ________. A. goes up B. goes down C. remains stable D. is out of control 29. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for _________. A. a developing nation B. a developed nation C. every nation with a big population D. every nation with a small population 30. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because ______. A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world B. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development C. different governments have different views of the question D. even developed countries may have plex problems Passage Three Brazil has bee one of the developing world39。 s great successes at reducing population growth— but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says Gee Martine at Harvard. Brazil39。 s population growth rate has dropped from % a year between 1951 and 1960 to % a year between 1981 and 1990,39。 and Brazilian women now have only children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧 ) and installment (分期付款 )plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world39。 s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil39。 s most popular television work, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values— not many children, different attitudes towards sex, woman working, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package. Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to bee consumers. This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was inpatible (不相容的 ) with unlimited reproduction , says Martine. 31. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ____. A) by chance C) by educating its citizens B) by careful family planning D) by developing TV programmes 32. According to the passage, many Third World countries ____. A) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning B) haven39。 t attached much importance to birth control C) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate D) haven39。 t yet found an effective measure to control their population 33. The phrase puts it down to(Line 1, )is closest in meaning to_____. A) pares it to C) attributes it to B) finds it a reason for D) sums it up as 34. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil s birth rate because ____. A) they have gradually changed people39。 s way of life B) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV C) people are drawn to their attractive package D) they popularize birth control measures 35. What is Marline39。