普通话的普及对中国方言多样性的消极影响毕业论文(编辑修改稿)

普通话的普及对中国方言多样性的消极影响毕业论文(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

fter they entered the capital Beijing. The Beijing dialect was mixed with special elements of Manchu language. This mixed pronunciation is the former form of standard Beijing pronunciation (Yi, 2020). During the period of Republic of China (19121949), in order to unite all the peoples, Chinese government started to advocate Guoyu movement. In 1909, the Qing government established the Mandarin Editorial Committee. It was the first time that the mon Mandarin was officially named “Mandarin”. In 1919, the New Culture Movement was spread to many big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. This movement focused on the use of Chinese vernacular in literature works. This act also helped Beijing Mandarin spread to the whole China. Then the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. In 1950, the State Publishing Department initiated the preparation of “Xinhua Dictionary”, a small modern authoritative dictionary. There are traditional and simplified characters as well as Pinyin in this dictionary. In 1960, the trial edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary was published. This is China’s first Mandarin dictionary. China’s State Council published “The instructions of the State Council on the promotion of Putonghua” in the year 1956. The definition of “Putong” means mon and general. Actually, Putonghua is based on Beijing pronunciation, and its basic dialect is Mandarin. The classic and regular vernacular work is Putonghua’s grammar specification (Chao, 2020), for example, Kuang Ren Ri Ji/ A Madman’s Diary by Lu Xun. After all, no one in ancient China successfully promoted a mon spoken language. In this aspect, new China has achieved unprecedented progress. After so many years of promotion on the national mon language, some informal sayings have been replaced by Putonghua’s vocabulary. Since Putonghua has 4 been spread to more and more regions in China, the citizens who live in dialects’ regions have gradually accepted the new expressions. With the improvement of people’s educational level as well as the development of national economy, some written vocabulary has flowed into spoken language. That’s another manifestation of Putonghua’s impact on dialect (Ye amp。 Xu, 2020). II. The Loss of Chinese Dialects’ Diversity In modern China, There are mainly seven types of dialects in China: Mandarin, Wu dialect, Yue dialect, Min dialect, Xiang dialect, Kejia dialect, and Gan dialect. Half of the population can just understand their dialects but don’t have the ability to speak Putonghua. In Chinese history, there were a number of great migration movements. For example, “Chuang Guandong” is the most typical migration of seeking livehood (Li, 2020). It means countless people from Hebei province and Shandong province moved to the northeast part of China. In the 19th century, Chinese population increased so fast that there was not enough land to feed the farmers. In the meantime, Qing government banned the Han people from getting into the northeast region since they didn’t want to see the Manchu people’s Hanification. The Han people rushed into the northeast part secretly both by land route and sea route. After so many years’ integration of different nationalities, the dialect they brought there, Zhongyuan Mandarin, absorbed Manchu language as well as Mongolian language, there ing the Dongbei Mandarin. The result of this great migration trend is the obvious unity in three provinces’ dialects. There is also another example called “Zou Xikou”. It means that numerous Han people from Shanxi and Shaanxi province moved to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Talking about the reasons, it is easy to find that natural disasters as well as lacking of land were the key point. In this way, the Shanxi dialect was spread to Inner Mongolia areas. A. The Assimilation from Strong Dialects In some regions of China, it is hard to hear the dialects. As businessmen came to their territory and did trade contract, their dialects were influenced by the new ers’ dialects. The Cantonese going to the west is a typical example (Li, 2020). The 5 Cantonese people are good at doing business. Not only did they go to Southeast Asia, but also to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. After the Cantonese businessman came, some of people in the east part of Guangxi gradually dropped their own dialect, Pinghua. And then they started to imitate Cantonese. In this way, many cities of Guangxi preserve two dialects, their original dialect as well as Cantonese. Another example is Min dialect. Fujian province is located in the southeast part of China. Since Song and Yuan dynasty (9601638), the population of Fujian province grew so fast that there came an issue of land’s lacking. For hundreds of years, Fujian people formed the habit of making living out. At first, the Fujian people moved to Chaozhou and Leizhou of Guangdong province. When the same problem happened to them again, they tried to board Hainan Island through Qiongzhou Strait. The readers could see the reason why the spoken language of Hainan province is a sublanguage of Min dialect. B. The Assimilation from Putonghua The modernization of some dialects accelerate the loss of Chinese dialects’ diversity, for example, Wu dialect, Hui dialect, Gan dialect and Xiang dialect. They also belong to the dialects of southeastern China. The southeast dialect and Mandarin are of same language level. The modernization here means the inflence of Putonghua along with the Chinese mon dialect. This kind of change is showed in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar (Hu, 2020). In numerous towns near the train line, the elements of their original dialects have disappeared. Then it is said that the Xiang dialect and Wu dialect are getting father and father to the old dialects. Dropping the character of original dialect and receiving Putonghua’s elements, is the performance of this kind of modernization. Bilingualism is a phenomenon that shows Putonghua’s mon use in di。