金融商务英语讲义-the160acounting160equation(编辑修改稿)

金融商务英语讲义-the160acounting160equation(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

e of turnover. First, there are stocks, which include stocks of raw materials and finished goods together with the value of any work in progress on unfinished products.  current assets 流动资产  high rate of turnover 高周转率  stocks 库存 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 35 Secondly, there are debtors, an item which covers any money that is owed to ABC. Some of this owed money may be accounted for by loans that ABC has made, for the borrowers must pay ABC back to some future date, but probably most of this owed money is accounted for by trade debt and accrued ine.  debtor 债务人 trade debt 商业债务 .accrued ine 应计收入 a 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 36 Thirdly, there are shortterm investments, which include the value of any securities which ABC might own.  shortterm investment 短期投资  securities 证券；债券；国债 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 37 Fourthly, there is the value of ABC’s cash at bank and in hand, which covers its bank deposits and any notes and coins it holds. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 38 The total value of ABC’s assets is ￡ 680m plus ￡ 320m, or ￡ 1000m in all. However, this figure gives a generous view of what ABC is worth because ABC also owes some money to other people.  m=million 百万  in all 总计 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 39 The balance sheet allows for this partly in section 3, called current liabilities. These liabilities show the money which ABC owes to others and which it must pay within the next year.  current liabilities 流动负债 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 40 This money falls into two groups. First, there are shortterm borrowings, which cover loans that must be repaid within one year. These loans might include money borrowed from the bank along with money borrowed by issuing certain types of security which have to be repaid within one year.  shortterm borrowings 短期借款 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 41 Secondly, there are other current creditors, which cover any money owed to other businesses as trade credit and accruals together with any money owed to the government,  trade credit 商业信用，贸易信贷 指一个公司与另一个公司进行贸易时向其提供的信贷  accrual n. 应计（费用） 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 42 such as national insurance contributions, which it has to pay on behalf of its employees, and value added tax and corporation tax, which is a tax on pany profits.  national insurance contributions 为雇员支付给国民保险机构的保险费  value added tax（ VAT） 增值税 按照货物或劳务发票上价值的百分比征收的税。  corporation tax 公司税 在支付股息前计算的，对公司利润应该征收的税款。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 43 The value of ABC’s current liabilities are printed in brackets to show that they should be deducted from the value of its assets to give a better view of its worth.  deduct: 减去，扣除 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 44 The way this deduction is done is to deduct the total value of current liabilities, ￡ 200m, from the total value of current assets, ￡ 320m, and so produce a figure of ￡ 120m which is shown in section 4 as current assets.  deduction 减去，扣除  current assets 净流动资产 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 45 This ￡ 120m is then added to the ￡ 680m for fixed assets to give a figure of ￡ 800m, which is shown in section 5 as total assets less current liabilities.  less 减去，扣除 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 46 Essentially, section 6, 7 and 8 show how this worth of ￡ 800m was financed, a point confirmed in section 9 which shows these three sections totaling ￡ 800m.  finance: 融资 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 47 Section 6 covers noncurrent liabilities. These are the sums that ABC owes to others but need not pay to them for at least one year.  noncurrent liabilities 非流动负债 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 48 They mostly prise medium and longterm borrowings which cover all loans due for repayment after one year, including any types of security that must be repaid after one year.  medium and longterm borrowings 中长期借款 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 49 One small part of the profits that it has retained is shown in section 7 as provisions for liabilities and charges. This covers sums set aside for specific purposes such as, perhaps, restructuring costs or redundancy payments.  provisions for liabilities and charges 负债和费用备付金  restructuring costs 调整债务结构的成本（用更长期限的借款代替一种借款）  redundancy payments 解雇费（对被解雇工人的一种补贴） 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 50 Section 8, capital and reserves, shows the other sources of funds available to ABC. ￡ 250m has been raised by selling securities called shares to ABC’s owner, but this ￡ 250m is divided into calledup share capital and share premium account. 第 8部分是 资本和公积金 ，它显示了 ABC获得资金的其它来源。 通过出售被叫做ABC所有者 股份 的证券 筹集 了 25,000万英镑，但这 25,000万英镑被分为 实收股份资本 和 股票溢价帐户。 • share premium 股票溢价 为买股票而支付的高于股票面值的金额 • share premium account 股票溢价帐户 指公司股东的一部分基金，由购买新的股票溢价构成。 股票面值是公司的名义资本。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 51 The next item, profit and loss account, covers all ABC’s retained profits except the ￡ 5m shown in section 7. The last item, revaluation reserve, is simply a bookkeeping item.  profit and loss account 损益帐户  retained profit 保留利润，未分配利润 指公司为扩大、增资而予以保留未分配给各股东的利润。  revaluation reserve 重新定值的公积金 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 52 Suppose ABC finds that some of its assets, such as its land and buildings have recently risen in value, and suppose it wants to include the new value in item 1 of the balance sheet. Then the total value of item 5 will also rise. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 53 This means that the value of item 9 will be less than the value of item 5 unless some other change is made. So ABC will raise the value of the revaluation reserve by just enough to ensure that item 9 now equals the new item 5. Finally, note that the total value of section 8 is called total shareholders’ funds.  total shareholders’ funds 股东基金总额 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 54 Table Balan。