职称英语考试理工类新增文章复习资料(编辑修改稿)

职称英语考试理工类新增文章复习资料(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

i尚未进入市场，还谈不上公众对 Shimi欣赏与否的问题，因此选项 C不符合原意； Shimi正在进行商业化运作，但绝非已经完成，所以 D也不是正确选项。 本题的答案是 B,依据是最后一段倒数第二句。 参考译文 第十九篇 音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验 Shimi是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴侣。 它可以根据听者的反馈推荐合乎节拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不 断播放音乐。 这款髙 1英尺的机器人是由智能手机系统支持的，因此被标榜为 “一个可以互动的音乐朋友 ”。 Gil Weinberg教授是该机器人的发明者，他解释说： “Shimi设计的宗旨是改变人们欣赏音乐、认识音乐的方式。 ”他将在今年 6月 27日在旧金山的谷歌 I/O大会上展示这款机器人。 一个由三个机器人组成的乐队将为来宾演奏，并伴随音乐起舞。 而音乐是根据不同的运动形式编制的。 Shimi实际上是一个扩充基座，它的 “大脑 ”由安卓手机控制。 一旦连接上，机器人便从用户的移动装置获得传感和音乐生成能力。 换言之，只要有应用程序 ，机器人便能使用。 例如，通过手机的照相机和辨认脸型的软件， Shimi就能在房间周围跟踪到听众，然后安置好它的 “耳朵 ”或扬声器，以确保输送最佳声音。 另外一种识别特征是基于节奏和速度。 如果用户打出某个（音乐）拍子， Shimi会对此进行分析，然后浏览手机的音乐库，并立即演奏最符合要求的音乐。 一旦音乐响起来， Shimi就随韵律起舞。 “许多人认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，而 Shiini给我们展示了机器人可以具有创造力和与人交互的能力。 ”音乐技术博士研究生 Mason Bretan如是说。 正在研发中的程序将使用户能沟通 过摇头或摆手表示不同意，来提醒 Shimi跳到下一首歌或增减音量。 机器人还可根据用户对歌曲的选择推荐新音乐，并对音乐播放列表提供反馈。 Weinberg希望其他研发者会因此获得灵感，开发更多的应用程序，来扩展 Shimi的创新和交互功能。 他说： “我认为我们中心正在引领这场将更多机器人应用到家庭中去的变革。 ” Weinberg正在通过获得佐治亚理工学院的独家授权来对 Shimi进行商业推广。 Weinberg希望到 2020年的节日季消费者可购买到 Shimi。 Weinberg说： “如果机器人进入家庭，我们认为就应该是这 种类型的机器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它们能提高我们的生活质量，为更多智能服务型机器人进人我们的生活做好准备。 第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don‟t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW39。 s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences， have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modernday chimpanzees as they peted for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 millionyear old ancestor we shared in mon with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ， said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time， intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where petition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University‟s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different binations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut， which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees‟ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available， and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chi mpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highlyprized resource and peted for them more intensely. In such highpetition settings， the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14month study of Bossou chimpanzees cropraiding, a situation in which they have to pete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. 词汇 ： scarce ， 不足的 ； 稀 有的 chimpanzee ape。 类人猿 bipedal adj. 二足的 anatomical coula nuts( coula也可写作 cola或 kola)可乐果 注释 ： 1. GW‟s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences:乔治 •华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学 院。 乔治华盛顿大学（ Gee Washington University)的英文简称为 GW，是美国顶尖的私立大学之一，于 1821年建校，位于美国首都华盛 顿。 2. ecological settings: 生态环境 3. bipedal activity： 双足活动 4. anatomical chaiige: 解剖学上的变化 5. Kyoto University:京都大学 ， 是继东京大学之后成立的日本第二所国立大学 ， 于I897年建校。 京都大学主要校区位于日本历史名城京都市。 6. Bossou: 博苏 ,几内亚的一个地名。 博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落。 7. oil palm nut: 油棕榈坚果 8. increased by a factor of four:增加了四倍 9. in one go: —口气 10. Oxford Brookes University: 牛津布鲁克斯大学 ， 创立于 1865年 ， 是英国最具特色的综合性大学之一。 牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城 ——牛津。 这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃，历来为求学圣地。 练习： 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items. B Chimpanzee‟s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs. C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources. D Our ancestors39。 ecological conditions resembled those of modernday chimpanzees. 2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding A when humans began walking on two legs. B what made our ancestors walk upright. C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors. D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources. 3. Kyoto, University39。 s study discovered that chimpanzees. A regarded both types of nut as priced resources. B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts. C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts. D ignored both types of nut altogether. 4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs du。