unit12thefutureofmedicine(编辑修改稿)

unit12thefutureofmedicine(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

onents a rough draft of the human genome sequence its use for any purpose was subject to licence agreements their paper estimated 25,000 human genes individuals G Study the highlighted words and phrases. Reading 1 What do they have in mon? 2 What linking words or phrases can you use to show: • contrast? • concession? • reason? • result? 3 Write the sentences with the highlighted items again, using other linking words or phrases with similar meanings. Linking ideas in a text Vocabulary bank Linking words, which join ideas within a sentence or between sentences, convey different meanings. G Study the highlighted words and phrases. Reading 1 What do they have in mon? They are all linking words or phrases. 2 What linking words or phrases can you use to show: • contrast? • concession? • reason? • result? G Study the highlighted words and phrases. Reading Withinsentence linkers Betweensentence linkers Contrast (but) used when paring Concession (but) used to concede/accept a point which simultaneously contrasts with the main point of a sentence or paragraph … but … … whereas … … while … However, … In/By contrast, … On the other hand, … … although … … despite/in spite of the fact that ... However, … At the same time … Nevertheless, … Despite/In spite of (this/noun), … Yet … G Study the highlighted words and phrases. Reading Withinsentence linkers Betweensentence linkers Reason (for) Result (so) … because … … since … … as … … due to/owing to the fact that … Because of (this/noun), … Owing to (this/noun), … Due to (this/noun), … … , so … … so that … … with the result that … So, … As a result, … Consequently, … Therefore, … Reading H Read the text on the right. A student has written about some of the technical issues associated with the Human Genome Project, but the quotations and paraphrases have not been correctly done. Can you spot the mistakes and correct them? Skills bank Deciding when to quote and when to paraphrase When referring to sources, you will need to decide whether to quote directly or to paraphrase/summarize. • Quote when the writer’s words are special or show a particularly clever use of language. This is often the case with strongly stated definitions or opinions. • Paraphrase/summarize descriptions and factual information. Skills bank Incorporating quotations • Use an introductory verb. • Don’t fet the quotation marks. • Make the quotes fit the grammar of the sentence. • Show any missing words with ‘...’. • Copy the original words exactly. • Add emphasis with italics and write [emphasis added]. • Add words which are not in the original but are necessary to fully understand the quotation out of context. Put the extra word(s) in brackets. Do not quote more than one sentence within the body of a paragraph. If you want to quote two or three sentences, put a colon and write the quote as indented text, so that it clearly stands out from the body of your essay. However, think very carefully before you include a long quote. It is usually better to paraphrase in this case. Reading As Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (2020) explains that without more puters it would not be possible to achieve the stated objectives by 2020. Consequently, a large investment was made in technology which was the beginning of the science of bioinformatics. Yet, according to Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (2020), they say that with less than half the project time remaining, just over 6% of the genome had been mapped. Fortunately, because they developed electronic ponents to analyze DNA without human intervention. Consequently, there was an enormous increase in the speed with which the genome could be mapped. There is often no need to include the authors names in the intext citation, a number is used to identify the reference in the bibliography. However, when using a numbered intext citation, it is sometimes necessary to refer to the authors of a work by name. In this case ‘et al.’ is usually used where there is more than one author. 1 The words which are the same as the original need quotation marks. 2 The page number should be given in brackets at the end of the quote. Reading As Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (2020) explains that without more puters it would not be possible to achieve the stated objectives by 2020. Consequently, a large investment was made in technology which was the beginning of the science of bioinformatics. Yet, according to Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (2020), they say that with less than half the project time remaining, just over 6% of the genome had been mapped. Fortunately, because they developed electronic ponents to analyze DNA without human intervention. Consequently, there was an enormous increase in the speed with which the genome could be mapped. 1 Note that much of the information here has been paraphrased – which is the better option for information. 2 If you want to emphasize a part of a quote, use italics and then put ‘*italics added+’ after the quote. 1 When continuing to refer to a source you can use further or also or other similar words。 says is not a good choice of introductory verb since it is too informal. You do not need according to as well as a verb of saying. 2 When referring to the same place in the same source, use ibid. instead of the full source reference. If it is the same publication (but not the same place in the text), use op. cit. Reading As Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (2020) explains that without more puters it would not be possible to achieve the stated objectives by 2020. Consequently, a large investment was made in technology which was the beginning of the science of bioinformatics. Yet, according to Truong VD, Sandeep KP, Cartwright GD (20。