pew：美国用户网络隐私调查报告(编辑修改稿)

pew：美国用户网络隐私调查报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

t concerned” about government surveillance of Americans’ data and electronic munications, pared with 46% who describe themselves as “not very concerned” or “not at all concerned” about the surveillance. When asked about more specific areas of concern over their own munications and online activities, respondents expressed somewhat lower levels of concern about electronic surveillance in various parts of their digital lives: 40 57 54 44 60 38 60 37 7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER  39% describe themselves as “very concerned” or “somewhat concerned” about government monitoring of their activity on search engines.  38% say they are “very concerned” or “somewhat concerned” about government monitoring of their activity on their messages. Americans Have More Muted Concerns about Government Monitoring of their Own Digital Behavior % of . adults who say they are “very/somewhat” or “not very/not at all concerned” about government surveillance of their own data and electronic munications Very/som ewhat concerned Not very/not at all concerned Not applicable 53 54 47 49 37 31 29 19 19 5 7  29% say they are concerned about government monitoring of their activity on their mobile apps. Email messages Search engines Cell phones Social media Mobile apps Source: Survey of 475 . adults on GfK panel November 26, 2020January 3, 2020., PEW RESEARCH CENTER More about this survey The analysis in this report is based on a Pew Research Center survey conducted between November 26, 2020 and January 3, 2020 among a sample of 475 adults, 18 years of age or older. The survey was conducted by the GfK Group using KnowledgePanel, its nationally representative online research panel. GfK selected a representative sample of 1,537 Englishspeaking panelists to invite to join the subpanel and take the first survey in the fall of 2020. Of the 935 panelists who responded to the invitation (%), 607 agreed to join the subpanel and subsequently pleted the first survey (%) whose results were reported in November 2020. This group has agreed to take four online surveys about “current issues, some of which relate to technology” over the course of a year and possibly participate in one or more 4560minute online focus group chat sessions. For the third survey whose results are reported here, 475 of the original 607 panelists participated. A random subset of the subpanel receive occasional invitations to participate in online focus groups. For this report, a total of 59 panelists participated in one of six online focus groups  37% express concern about government monitoring of their 54 38 39 activity on their cell phone.  31% are concerned about government monitoring of their activity on social media sites, such as 4 Facebook or Twitter. 8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER conducted during December 2020 and January 2020. Sampling error for the total sample of 475 respondents is plus or minus percentage points at the 95% level of confidence. For more information on the GfK Privacy Panel, please see the Methods section at the end of this report. 9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER Introduction Edward Snowden’s release of internal National Security Agency documents in June 2020 has catapulted government surveillance issues and privacy policy questions to a new level of national and scholarly discourse. The documents Snowden leaked about the NSA suggest that large American information technology panies are pelled to share data with the government about foreign individuals as part of a program called PRISM. Data about Americans’ use of munications and search engine tools may be collected “incidentally” when related to foreign intelligence. Under the same authority, the government can tap directly in to fiber optic cable works that transfer data about virtually everything a user does on the Web and other interbased platforms. The NSA’s documents also showed that American phone panies are required to provide the government with citizens’ phone records on a daily basis. The NSA and its British equivalent, the Global Communications Headquarters, can collect identifying data about a phone’s user through mobile apps, including age, gender, location, and other information. The Western intelligence agencies have argued in courts that bulk collection programs including data about Americans are crucial to its national security efforts. Still, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, an independent panel appointed by the White House, suggested that bulk surveillance did not help prevent any attacks in the United States, and remended discontinuing bulk collection of American phone metadata. A recent report from the Pew Research Center showed that the American public is concerned about surveillance by government and businesses and lacks confidence in the security of their information on several key munications channels. Partly in response to concerns like these, President Obama has promised reform to limit the collection of American munications, and that of foreign individuals unrelated to a terrorist investigation. At the policy and scholarly level, the Snowden leaks have bee a touchstone for debate about the role of “big data” in modern society , the legality and ethics of bulk surveillance and how to consider what people’s electronic records say about who they are. At the same time, civil liberties and human rights groups have been arguing that electronic surveillance chills speech, driving some journalists, writers, law professionals, and ordinary citizens to selfcensor their digital munications instead of speaking openly. A recent Pew Research Center survey of investigative reporters showed that some。