ontranslationofsocialdeicticsbetweenenglishandchinese(编辑修改稿)

ontranslationofsocialdeicticsbetweenenglishandchinese(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ease five me, my lord. (3)婆子笑道：“却是甚话。 便是押司生得凶眼，又酒性不好，专要杀人。 休取笑 老身。 ” —— 《水浒传》 —— The old woman laughed and said, ―What talk is this? Are your eyes fierce and is your temper evil when you drink, and are you used to killing people? Don‘t make a joke of an old woman?‖ —— Tr. By Pearl S. Buck The context makes it discernible that 老身 refers to the addresser—— the old woman, so 老身 should be translated as ‗me‘ ‗or an old woman like me‘。 ‗an old woman ,‘ which is in the third person role, actually represents a large group of women who are old in age. The preferable English translation might be: —— The old woman laughed and said, ―What a nonsense! You want me to believe you‘ve killed someone, just because you were born with fierce eyes and have a bad temper after drinking? Don39。 t make a joke of me‖. 9 To sum up, when a Chinese social deictic word is correctly judged (sometimes with the help of contexts) as referring to the addresser, it is supposed to be translated as a rule into English as ‗I (or me),‘ because ‗I (or me)‘ is the only word in English that is used unmarkedly to refer to the addresser. It is true and unavoidable that addresserreferring Chinese social deictics, in the process of translation, will lose strong national flavors they are loaded with. The only remedy seems to be the appropriate choice of grammatical structures and words. In exmple(2), for ‗休怪 ‘, ‗Please five me, my lord‘ may be claimed to be a better translation than ‗Please don‘t be angry with me, my lord‘. In strict sense, there are no deictics in English purely referring to the addresser, except ‗I (or me)‘. Of course, ‗We (or us)‘ and ‗persons‘ names‘ may have marked use for referring to the addresser. For example: (4) (A manager replying to an applicant on his own decision) We have considered your application carefully, but regret that we are unable to offer you the post„„ (We=I) —— 我们 认真 考虑了你的申请，但是很遗憾， 我们 不能给你安排你申请的工作。 （ 5）“ This is political, political” , Eisenhower said again and again, arguing that it was highly inappropriate for a general to bee involved in a streetcorner brawl. The general disagreed. ―MacArthur has decided to go into active mand in the fields,‖ MacArthur declared. (MacArthur =I) —— The Glory and the Dream —— 他的副官艾森豪威尔一再说：“这是政治事件嘛，政治事件嘛”。 副官认为，街头打架，将军犯不着插手。 可是将军不同意，他宣布说：“叛乱的苗头出现了， 麦克阿瑟 决定亲临督战。 ” —— 王宗炎 译 10 In Chinese there are also such kind of marked usage for the first personal pronoun in plural and persons‘ names, as in ‗我们（ =我）平时不象你那么认真，哪能吸格哟 ‘and ‗是的，你哪能瞧得起我，王德顺（ =我）算什么东西 ‘， and literal (or semantic) translation is suitable for this occasion. It is just because deictics of this sort are less plicated and easier to cope with in translation that they are excluded at the very beginning from the study involved. So there is not much to discuss in Chinese translation of English social deictics as far as the addresser is concerned. 11 Chapter Three Addressee Before we initiate a study of translation of social deictics referring to the addressee it is helpful to differentiate three different kinds of usage for social deictics:① address usage。 ② relation usage。 ③ relation + address usage. In address usage a social deictic word is used as an address, and is distinguished by a pause phonologically or a punctuation mark between it and the rest part of the utterance in which it occurs, whereas in relation usage a social deictic word is never used as an address and there are no such phonological or graphical features. The relation+address usage differs from address usage and relation usage in that a social deictic word in this usage takes no phonological or graphical features mentioned in address usage but it can be used as an address. In other words, we can make some formal changes about the utterance in which a deictic word occurs, reducing its relation+address usage to address usage. The following three examples serve to explain these three kinds of usage. （ 1）一日，他姐丈金有余来看他，劝道：“ 老舅 ，莫怪我说你„„” （ address usage） —— 《儒林外史》 （ 2）“ 足下 莫不就是在我白老师手里曾考过一个案首的。 „„” （ relation usage ） ——《 儒林外史 》 (3)那人笑道：“倒是我的不是。 一时冲撞。 娘子 休怪。 ” (relation+address usage) —— 《金瓶梅》 In example (1), 39。 老舅 39。 , which is a term used by the addresser, Jin Youyu, to 12 address Zhou Jin, is in address usage. 足下 in example (2) only reflects the relationship between the participants instead of being used as an addressing term, hence in relation usage. The usage of 39。 娘子 39。 in example (3), however, is implicitly different from that of 39。 足下 39。 39。 娘子 39。 , though not in the position where an address is supposed to be, is more conventionally used as an address than 39。 足下 39。 , for shifting 39。 娘子 39。 behind 39。 休怪 39。 with a ma between, or just adding a ma behind 39。 娘子 39。 so that it bees an address does not affect the acceptability of the text or the meaning expressed. In this sense, 39。 娘子 39。 covers both relation usage and address usage, the latter being covert. Obviously, Chinese social deictics referring to the addressee must be in one of the above three usages. By parison, English social deictics referring to the addressee only covers two kinds of usages: address usage and relation + address usage (The only word that is in pure relation usage is the second personal pronoun 39。 you39。 ). For example: (4) I39。 m sorry. Madam. (Address usage) (5) Eugenio had looked at Winterbourn from head to feet。 he now bowed gravely to the young lady. I have the honor to inform mademoiselle that luncheon is on the table. (relation + address usage) —— Daisy Miller Relation。