第十章虚拟语气与事实相反,要用虚拟语气p(编辑修改稿)内容摘要:

, intention, failure, wish, determination 等。 如: He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。 My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。 ( 2) 常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语,常见的有 ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition 等。 如: His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite。 We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so 门外语说得这么好。 ( 3) 序数词、形容词最高级或被 only, last, next 等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 He is always the first person to e and the last one to。 The next person to attend the meeting is Dr.。 还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。 如: person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity 等。 如: We students should have the courage to face any。 He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island. 他没有理由离开他的朋友独自住到岛上去。 不定式作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词之间有意义上 的动宾关系,如果该不定式动词是不及物动词,它后面需加上适当的介词。 如: There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 There are many interesting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的书可以挑选,但我不知道该借哪一本。 不定式在表语形容词后面,不定式用主动式 : question is difficult to answer. ’s hard to work with. 在 there be 结构中,则主被动形式都可以 : ’s a lot of work to do/ to be done. ’s nothing to do/ to be done. : 1).不定式作目的状语,有时也可以用 in order (not) to, so as (not) to 结构。 如: In order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade. 为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏,妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。 He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again. 今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。 ( so as (not) to do 不可以置于句首。 ) 2).不定式作结果状语,常见的结构有 too…to, enough…to, so…as to, such…as to, only to… 等。 如: The question is too difficult for me to answer. 对我来说,这个问题很难回答。 He said he was clever enough to deal with it by。 Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗。 He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒来发现自己在医院里。 注意: too…to 通常表示 “ 太 …… 而不 …… ” ,但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。 She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。 He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。 “ only + 不定式 (短语 )”用法 “only + 不定式 (短语 )”这一结构通常多表示主语意想不到的结果,而且这些结果多不令人愉快。 如: He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. we hurried to the station only to learn that the train had left. 也可以用被动式和用逗号隔开。 如: I went to see him, only to find him out. The thief stole into the house, only to be caught by the owner. only 后接现在分词, 多表示伴随状况或方式等, only 修饰现在分词以加 强语气。 如: he died, only leaving nothing but debts. 3).不定式作原因状语,通常用来修饰表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。 常见的形容词有: happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, 7 disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty 等。 如: They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息,他们很惊讶。 We are proud to be young people of new China. 成为新中国的青年,我们感到很骄傲。 4).另外, hard, difficult, easy, fit, fortable 等词也可以接动词不定式。 这时候,作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外,还可以是表示物的词。 如: The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。 The room is very fortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。 注意:后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系,此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则需要带上适当的介词。 : 在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补语时,不定式符号 to常常省略,下面还有几种情况请大家注意: ( 1) 动词原形 e, go 等在口语中可接不带 to 的不定式。 如: Go tell her. 去告诉他。 Come have a glass. 来喝一杯。 ( 2) 在 why 引起的一些疑问句中,疑问词直接跟动词原形或 not + 动词原形。 如: Why spend so much money? 为什么花这么多钱。 Why not let her have a try? 为什么不再让她试一试。 ( 3) had better(还是 …… 最好) had best(最好,顶好) would rather(宁可,宁愿) would rather…than (宁可 … 而不 … ) would sooner(宁可,宁愿) would sooner…than (宁可 … 而不 … ) cannot but(不得不,必然) cannot choose but(只得) cannot help but(不得不) 动词原形 或 not +动词原形 You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion. 你最好听一听老师的看法。 I would rather work than stay idle. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 他宁愿挤公共汽车也不愿骑自行车。 One’s world outlook cannot but e through in what one says and does. 一个人的世界观必然在他的言行中表现出来。 ( 4) 在介词 but, except,besides 之前如有动词 do 的任一形式,其后的动词不定式不用 to。 如: Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨晚上我除 了修理农具外,没有做其它的事情。 Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat. 现在他只有认输。 What else do you like to do besides swim? ( 5) 如 but 之前没有 do,其后的不定式则一般要加 to。 如: I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi. 恐怕我们别无选择,只好乘出租车了。 They desired nothing but to succeed. 他们只想成功。 ( 6) 在出现并列的动词不定式时,为了避免重复,后面的不定式符号 to 可省略。 如: I really don’t know what to say and do. 我真的不知道该说什么,该干什么。 Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 .? 你能不能帮我打电话给他,叫他下午两点来开会。 但如果两个不定式有对比的意思,则不定式符号 to 不可被省去。 如: I came not to scold you but to praise you. 我是来夸你的,不是来骂你的。 The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易,而不是使生活更艰难。 f. 动词不定式的 替代词 : 上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语,下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时,往往要省略动词不定式,但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号 to,一般有下面几种情况 : 含有助动词或情态动词如 be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to, 等 +动词原形结构时: Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor? 你认为我应该去看医生吗。 8 Yes, I think you ought to. 是的,我想你应该去。 She must go but you don’t have to. 她必须走,但你没有必要。 含有动词 want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try 等 +不定式作宾语结构时: Did you go to see the Great Wall? 你去看长城了吗。 I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的,但我太忙了。 You may go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的话,你可以和他们一起去。 含有动词如 ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid 等 +不定式做宾语补语或主语补语时: Don’t do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父亲叫你去做,不然不要做任何事情。 May I use your car? 我可以用你的汽车吗。 No, I forbid you to. 不,我禁止你使用。 对话的答语中含有形容词如 happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等 +不定式作表语结构时: Will you lend me a hand? 你能帮我一个忙吗。 I’m willing to, but I can’t now. 我很愿意,但我现在不行。 Would you please e to my birthday party tomorrow? 明天下午来。
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