276f浅谈我国中小企业的营运资金的管理新英文原文

276f浅谈我国中小企业的营运资金的管理新英文原文内容摘要：

presentation of reports, and in a delayed manner, none of the qualities mentioned would be achieved and, so, there would be no control. THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION The 1999 constitution is the amended version of the 1979 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which was an offshoot, not only of the 1963 Constitution but, of the other Preindependence Constitutions. So, its provisions are in most respects similar to those of its predecessors (or ancestors). The Constitution was reviewed in 1989 and 1994, with no hope for implementation until May 1999 when the new civilian government was sworn in. It was promulgated as constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Decree No 24), 1999 and published in the Federal Republic of Nigeria official Gazette on 5th May 1999 In Lagos. The Constitution is supposed to be a legal document that regulates not only government accounting but the whole aspects of financial management in government. In Chapter V, part 1 (E) of the Constitution, the National Assembly was given certain powers and control over public funds as a way of regulating and controlling the operation of the different types of government funds. Section 120(1), which is on the Establishment of Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), says “All Revenues or other moneys raised or received by the Federation (not being revenue or other moneys payable under this constitution or any Act of the National Assembly into any other public fund of the Federation established for a specific purpose) shall be paid into and form one Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federation”. On the withdrawal of money by the government for public services, section 120(2) says “No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federal except to meet expenditure that is charged upon the fund by this Constitution or where the issue of those moneys has been authorized by an appropriation Act. Supplementary Appropriation Act or an Act passed in Pursuance of Section 121 of this constitution” These two subsections formed the basis for the idea of Fund Accounting which was defined as the method of accounting which reports in terms of funds rather than in terms of anizations. Other sections with the objectives of financial regulations at Federal government level are on withdrawal of money from other Public fund Section 120 (3), Authorization of expenditure in default of Appropriation Section (127), Contingencies Fund Section (123), Remuneration of the President and certain other officers Section (127) and Audit of Public accounts Section (125), All the sections of the constitution mentioned above are meant to give a perfect guidance as to the financial planning and control of the federal government. The constitutional emphasis on the concept of check and balance between the legislature and the executive arms of government is enough concern for a need to instill proper accountability and sound control over the Public Funds. But unfortunately, the constitution is almost always under suspension by the Military. Decrees, which would be skewed towards the interest of the military junta, are, in the greater part of Nigeria39。 s postindependence period, the supreme laws of the land. The constitutional provisions, which are determined by the representatives of the masses and implemented by them, are a better means of attaining accountability and control over public funds. The question is when would the Provisions have way for effective financial regulations at the Federal Government level? GOVERNMENT BUDGET (APPROPRIATION ACT) Budget is a written future plan of actions based on projected revenue. In government in particular, the budget is viewed as the principal means of securing accountability and control over the use of public funds. Government budgets contains the annual estimates of capital and recurrent expenditures and revenues of the government since the government is expected to restrict its financial sourcing and spending on the plan contained in the budget. Over the years, Nigerian governments, civilian or military, have been making annual financial planning in the form of a budget also as to regulate their financial activities for the achievement of national goals and objectives. For a civilian government, there are usually some constitutional provisions empowering the legislative body to grant approval on modifications to both the capital and recurrent expenditure and revenue estimates before any funds can be expended or collected. The Executive undertakes the execution of the budget in relation to the collection of revenues and disbursement of public fund。