研究生入学考试英语考试中心模拟题之(4)

研究生入学考试英语考试中心模拟题之(4)内容摘要：

ore vegetables and [A] will definitely do us no harm whatsoever. [B] is the most effective anticancer diet. [C] provides us with enough beta carotene [D] can protect us against the harms caused by drinking 30. Which of the following questions does the selection best answer? [A] Can food protect us against cancer? [B] Should we believe in educated guesswork? [C] Is beta carotene good for our health? [D] Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer? Passage 3 Despite the modem desire to be easy and casual, Americans from time to time give thought to the language they useto grammar, vocabulary, and gobbledygook. And as on other issues they divide into two parties. The larger, which includes everybody from the socalled plain man to the professional writer, takes it for granted that there is a right way to use words and construct sentences, and there are many wrong ways. The right way is believed to be clearer, simpler, more logical, and hence more likely to prevent error and confusion. Good writing is easier to read。 it offers a pleasant bination of sound and sense. Against this majority view is the doctrine of an aggressive minority, who make up for their small number by their great learning and their place of authority in the world of scholarship. They are the professional linguists who deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say, is what anybody and everybody speaks. Hence there must be no interference with what they regard as a product of nature。 they denounce all attempts at guiding choice。 their governing principle is epitomized in the title of a speech by a distinguished member of the profession: Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes? Within the profession of linguist there are of course warring factions, but on this conception of language as a natural growth with which it is wrong to tamper they are at one. In their arguments one finds appeals to democratic feelings of social equality (all words and forms are equally good) and individual freedom (anyone may do what he likes with his own speech). These assumptions further suggest that the desire for rightness, the very idea of better or worse in speech, is a hangover from aristocratic and oppressive times. To the linguists, change is the only ruler to be obeyed. They equate it with life and accuse their critics of being clock reversers, enemies of freedom, menaces to life. Somewhat inconsistently, the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a word or an expression is standard, substandard, colloquial, archaic, slang, or vulgar. How do they know? They know by listening to the words people use and by noticingin conversations, newspaper, and bookshow and by whom these words are used. Usage, then, is still real and various, even though the authorities refuse to point openly to a set of words and forms as being preferable to others. Standard gets around the difficulty of saying best or right. 31. Most Americans believe that [A] the language they use should be constantly improved. [B] language rules do exist and hence should be obeyed. [C] everyone has the right to use the language as he likes. [D] grammar, vocabulary and old phrases must be made easier. 32. Which of the following is most likely the idea contained in the linguist39。 s speech Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes? [A] Native speakers think their mother tongue a natural product. [B] Native speakers are the best observers of language rules. [C] Mistakes in usage made by native speakers are often misleading. [D] Whatever a native speaker says is correct usage of the language. 33. We can infer from the text that linguists hold that [A] language knows no class distinction among different users. [B] it is wrong to accuse each other over the use of a language. [C] language is under the political influence of a society. [D] it is natural for people to want to use correct language. 34. In the last sentence of paragraph 3, clock reversers,... refer to [A] linguistic authorities. [B] advocates of aristocratic system and oppression. [C] those who desire for rightness of the language. [D] warring factions in the field of linguistics. 35. The author points out that linguists produce dictionaries which [A] prove that there are no roles guiding the use of a language. [B] contradict their argument that languages are equally good. [C] show that authorities do not pay enough attention to usage. [D] convince the reader that the author is right. Passage 4 A university professor has built a virtual laboratory on the World Wide Web to give engineering students a taste of the challenge they may someday face on the job. With a few clicks of a mouse, students drill for a hidden supply of oil, program a robotic arm and design digital logic circuits. Putting such experiments on the Inter introduces students to engineering without the high costs, time constraints and space limitations imposed by a realworld laboratory, says the inventor of the online tab who is a researcher professor in the Department, of Chemical Engineering You might argue that students are not going to get the full experience when they use virtual equipment. But suppose you get,。