nec第四册精读

nec第四册精读内容摘要：

ous： 充满危险的；濒临毁灭的（ very dangerous），例如： a perilous rate of inflation 危机四伏的通货膨胀率 perilous 的名词形式为 peril。 shudder at： 对„„感到惊恐（ to think that something is very bad or unpleasant），例如： He shudders at the sight of a snake. 他一见到蛇就胆颤心惊。 go out of their way to do something： 特地；不怕麻烦地（ to do something with more effort than is usual or expected），例如： She went out of her way to help me. 她不怕麻烦地来帮我。 35. They had a single aim, a solitary goal— the top! 【译文】他们只有一 个目的，唯一的目标 —— 顶峰。 【讲解】从语法角度分析， a solitary goal 和 the top 均是 a single aim 的同位语。 从修辞角度看，作者以改变说法的方式达到加强语意的目的。 这叫 修正法（ epanorthosis）。 破折号引出被强调部分。 【单词和短语】 solitary： 独一无二的（ used to emphasize that there is only one of something），例如： a solitary exception 唯一的例外 36. It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 【译文】如今我们很难理解登山先驱者昔日是多么艰苦。 【讲解】 it 是形式主语， to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers 是真正的主语。 请掌握 It is hard for sb. to do。 【单词和短语】 pioneer:先驱（ someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people），例如： a pioneer of photography 摄影术创始人 a pioneer in the development of radar 雷达研制的先驱 37. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly bee popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. 【译文】除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个迅速出名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村由于高山隔绝了文明日渐成为贫穷的村落。 【讲解】 such as 可以分开，如 such places as„ ，这时 as 作关系代词， as 引出的从句是省略句。 such as 不分开时其作用相当 于 like，表示举例。 因此可以把such„ Chamonix 视为修饰 places 的定语。 cut off from civilization by the high mountains 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 settlements。 【单词和短语】 except for： 除了„„之外，例如： I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我除了知道他住在隔壁外，对他的其他情况一无所知。 impoverish： 使穷困， 使赤贫（ to make some one very poor），形容词为 9 impoverished，名词形式为 impoverishment。 38. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flearidden。 the food simply local cheese acpanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. 【译文】当地的那些 小旅馆一般都肮脏且跳蚤猖獗。 单调的食物是当地乳酪配以常常已放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。 【讲解】 as there were 作定语从句修饰 inns， as 乃关系代词。 the food simply„中 food 和 simply 中间， all 与 washed 中间都省略了 was。 请注意，在几个并列分句中，第一个分句中用了 be，后面分句中的 be 可以省略，例如： There are two requisites in interpretation： one is accuracy and the other（ is）expressiveness. 口译要求有二：准确和明晰。 acpanied by bread often twelve months old 是过去分词短语，作 cheese的定语。 often twelve months old 作定语，修饰 bread。 【单词和短语】 acpany： 伴随，和„„一起发生（ to happen or exist at the same time as something else），例如 : fever acpanied with delirium 伴有昏迷的发 烧 39. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could— sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. 【译文】山谷里常没有小旅馆，登山者只好随遇而安 —— 或与当地牧师（他们通常和其教区 居民一样穷）住在一起，或与牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起。 【讲解】 wherever they could 作地点状语，修饰 found。 could 后省略了 find shelter。 sometimes with 两词之间省略了 they found shelter。 found shelter with„ 与„„住在一起，这里的破折号引出被强调的部分。 【单词和短语】 boast： 以拥有„„而自豪（ if a place, object, or anization boasts something, it has something that is very good），例如： A fishing village 30 years ago, it now boasts 150 major hotels. 那地方 30 年前还是个渔村，现已为拥有 150 家大宾馆而自豪。 310. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very unfortable. 【译文】这些山村的基调总是一样的：肮且穷，极不舒适。 【讲解】 same 后的冒号引出同位 语。 dirt and poverty, and very unfortable 作 the same 的同位语。 【单词和短语】 invariable: 始终如一的，恒定不变的（ always happening in the same way, at the same time etc.），例如： It’s my invariable habit to take a nap. 睡午觉是我的老习惯。 invariably 是 invariable 的副词形式。 311. For men accustomed to eating sevencourse dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed. 10 【译文】对过惯了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的的人来说，到阿尔卑斯山所带来的变化想来一定太难熬了。 【讲解】 accustomed to„ at home 作定语修饰 men。 【单词和短语】 be accustomed to（ doing/do） something： 习惯于做某事 （ to be familiar with something and accept it as normal），例如： We are accustomed to working/work hard. 我们习惯于努力工作。 My eyes soon grew accustomed to the darkness. 我的双眼很快适应了黑暗。 course： （一）道（菜）（ one of the separate parts of a meal），例如： The first course was soup. 第一道是汤。 Lesson 4 Seeing hands 第四课 能看东西的手 by ERIC DE MAUNY from The Listener 41. Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. 【译文】俄罗斯最近报导了几个事例，说有人能用手指看书和辨认颜色，甚至双眼能透过厚实的门和墙看到东西。 【讲解】 of people who can„ walls 作定语修饰 cases，这部分较长，所以被移到谓语部分后，这样句子就不会头重脚轻。 句中的 of 意为“关于”。 【单词和短语】 detect： 察觉，发觉（ to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc.）。 42. One case concerns an elevenyearold schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. 【译文】有一例涉及 11 岁学生维拉彼托洛娃，她视力正常，但她还能用皮肤的不同部位辨认东西，甚至看穿坚实的墙壁。 【讲解】 and through solid walls 与 with different parts of her skin 并列作状语，修饰 perceive。 【单词和短语】 normal 的反义词为 abnormal。 perceive： 感觉，感知（ to notice, see, or recognize something）。 43. This ability was first noticed by her father. 【译文】她父亲首先发现她具备这一能力。 【讲解】 this ability 指上句中 perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls。 44. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. 11 【译文】一天，维拉进入父亲的办公室，碰巧把双手放在一个锁着的保险柜的门上。 【单词和短语】 happened to do something： 碰巧做某事（ if you happen to do something, you do it by chance），例如： I happened to look in that direction and caught him in the act of doing it. 我碰巧朝那个方向看，正好目睹他在做那事。 safe:保险柜（ a strong metal box or cupboard with special locks where you keep money and valuab。