昆明市某住宅楼设计-七层住宅楼采用框架剪力墙结构体系和框架结构体系的优化选择(编辑修改稿)

昆明市某住宅楼设计-七层住宅楼采用框架剪力墙结构体系和框架结构体系的优化选择(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

20xx） 10）混凝土结构工程施工验收规范（ GB5020420xx） 11）建筑设计防火规范（ GBJ1687） 2．参考书 1）高层建筑抗震设计 中国建筑工业出版社 2） PKPM 系列软件用户手册 3） AUTOCAD 用户手册 4）高等学校建筑工程专业毕业设计指导 中国建筑工业出版社 5）建筑学专业毕业设计指南 中国水利水电出版社 6）有关建筑、混凝土结构、地基基 础、抗震结构教材。 37 AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURES Definitions are a timehonored way of opening any book. A simple definition of a structure in a building context is that a structure is a device for channeling loads that result from the use and/or presence of the building to the ground. Important in the study of structures are many widely varying concerns. The study of structures certainly involves defining what a force itself is, since this familiar term represents a fairly abstract concept. The study of structures in a building context also involves dealing with much broader issues of space and dimensionality. The words size, scale, form, proportion, and morphology are all terms monly found in the vocabulary of a structural designer. As a way of getting into the study of structures, it is useful to reconsider the first definition of a structure given above. Although valuable in the sense that it defines the purpose of a structure, the original definition unfortunately provides no insight into the makeup or characteristics of a structure: What is this device that channels loads to the ground? To adopt the plex and exacting style of a dictionary writer, a structure could be defined as a physical entity having a unitary character that can be conceived of as an anization of positioned constituent elements in space in which the character of the whole dominates the interrelationship of the parts. Its purpose would be defined as before. Although it might be very hard to believe, a contorted and relatively abstract definition of this type which is almost laughably academic in tone actually has some merit. It first states that a structure is a real physical object, not an abstract idea or interesting issue. A structure is not a matter of debate, it is something that is built. The implication is that a structure must be dealt with accordingly. Merely verbally postulating that a structure can carry a certain type of load or function in a certain way, for example, is inadequate. A physical device must be provided for acplishing the desired ends that conforms to basic principles governing the behavior of physical objects. Devising such a structure is the role of the designer. The expanded definition also makes the point that a structure functions as a 38 whole. This is a point of fundamental importance and one easily fotten when confronted with a typical building posed of a seemingly endless array of individual beams and columns. There is in such cases an immediate tendency to think of the structure only as an assembly of individual small elements in which each element performs a separate function. In actuality, all structures are, and must be, primarily designed to function as a whole unit and only secondarily as an array of discrete elements. In line with the latter part of the expanded definition, the elements are invariably so positioned and interrelated as to enable the overall structure to function as a whole in carrying either vertically or horizontally acting loads to the ground. No matter how some individual elements are located and attached to one another, if the resultant configuration and interrelation of all elements does not function as a whole unit in channeling loads of all anticipated types to the ground, the configuration cannot be said to be a structure. The reference to anticipated types of loads in the previous statement is included to bring up the important fact that structures are normally devised in response to a specific set of loading conditions and function as structures only with respect to these conditions. They are often relatively fragile with respect to unanticipated loads. A typical building having a structure capable of carrying normally encountered occupancy and environmental loads currant, for example, be simply picked up by a corner and transported through space. It would simply fall apart, since its structure would not have been designed to carry the unique loadings involved. So much for Superman carrying buildings around. While on the subject of formal definitions, the act of designing a structure can be defined in language at least as plex as that used previously to define a structure, but again the result is of some value. Designing a structure is the act of positioning constituent elements and formulating interrelations with the objective of imparting a desired character to the resultant structural entity. The notions that elements are positioned and that relationships exist among these elements are basic to the concept of designing a structure. Figure 11(a) illustrates, for example, a simple structure with columns and a beam positioned to carry a vertical load. The beam merely rests on top of the columns and is not rigidly affixed to them (this type of connection defines one particular type of relationship between members). If this same assembly were 39 suddenly called upon to carry lateral forces as might be associated with winds acting on the side of the building, then this assembly no longer functions as a structure, in that it cannot carry the lateral load to the ground. It would collapse. From a design viewpoint, the difficulty with the assembly is either that the elements used are incorrectly positioned, incorrectly related, or perhaps both. The assembly can be redesigned into a viable structure for the lateral load by either changing the relationships that exist between the elements and/or repositioning them. An example of changing the relations that exist between elements would be to use a rigid rather than simple connection between the elements. A rigid join。