供应链设计与管理课后答案

供应链设计与管理课后答案内容摘要：

hanges in product design and offerings affect the work and need the involvement of sales and marketing teams. 3. Manufacturing and Operations: The logistics work design has obvious impact on day today operation of the 222。 rm. In order for the implementation to succeed, it is essential that the people involved with operating the system on a daily basis are involved in its design. Question 3 The decision that a single warehouse will be built has been made upfront. Therefore, we only need to focus on the location and capacity of the warehouse, and determine how much 7 space should be allocated to each product in the warehouse. The main steps of the analysis are outline below. 1. Data collection i. Location of retail stores, existing warehouses (5 warehouses located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas and Los Angeles), manufacturing facilities (a single man ufacturing facility in San Jose), and suppliers. ii. Candidate locations for the new warehouse. iii. Information about products, ., their sizes, shapes and volumes. iv. Annual demand (past actuals and future estimates) and service level requirements of the retail stores. v. Transportation rates by available modes. vi. Transportation distances from candidate warehouse locations to retail stores. vii. Handling, storage and 222。 xed costs associated with warehousing. Fixed costs should be expressed as a function of warehouse capacity. viii. Fixed ordering costs, order frequencies and sizes by product or product family. 2. Data aggregation. Demand needs to be aggregated based on distribution patterns and/or product types. Replace aggregated demand data points by a single customer. 3. Mathematical model building. 4. Model validation based on existing work structure. 5. Selection of a few low cost alternatives based on the mathematical model. i. For the 222。 nal decision, incorporate qualitative factors that were disregarded in the mathematical model, ., speci222。 c regulations, environmental factors, etc. ii. Optionally, build a detailed simulation model to evaluate these low cost candidate solutions. 6. Decide where to locate the centralized warehouse. With the centralized warehouse, service level will increase (less stockouts) and inven tory holding costs will decrease due to risk pooling. Also, 222。 xed costs associated with ware housing will typically decrease, and inbound transportation costs from the manufacturing facility to the warehouse should be less than the sum of the previous inbound transporta tion costs. However, we will incur increased outbound transportation costs from the central warehouse to the retailers. In summary, the essential design tradeoff is between trans portation costs on one hand, and inventory holding costs and service level requirements on the other. Question 4 a. In automobile manufacturing, cars are usually delivered over land, and demand is con centrated around major cities. Therefore, we would expect warehouses in this industry to be located near large cities with easy access to freeways and railroads. This would help to reduce the delivery lead time to dealerships in the cities. 8 b. In the pharmaceutical industry, overnight delivery is mon. Therefore, proximity to a major airport is a factor that should be considered when choosing a warehouse location. Additionally, for raw material warehouses it is important that these are close to natural resources. c. In the book industry, supplier warehouse locations would be affected by the availability of nearby natural resources. d. In the aircraft manufacturing industry, subassemblies and parts are delivered by thou sands of suppliers scattered all over the globe to the manufacturing facilities. Therefore, for these supplier warehouses, by far the most signi222。 cant consideration is the ability to ship parts easily and ontime, ., the proximity to railroads, freeways, harbors, etc. In such a capital intensive industry, we would also expect that regulations such as tax breaks have an impact on potential warehouse locations. e. With a large customer base shopping for books online, short delivery lead times are crucial. Therefore, in book distribution, we would expect to 222。 nd large centralized ware houses on reasonably priced land and where quick transportation modes are available. f. Furniture manufacturing and distribution depends heavily on manual labor. Therefore, warehouses in this industry should be located close to cities with sufficient labor supply. g. In PC manufacturing, outsourcing from all around the world is mon where labor is cheaper and regulations favor the huge investments associated with hightech manufac turing. These considerations should be factored in when choosing candidate warehouse locations. Question 5 In the pharmaceutical industry, we would expect more warehouses closer to the end cus tomers for short delivery lead times. On the other hand, in the chemical industry there would be fewer centralized warehouses in order to consolidate orders and decrease outbound transportation costs. Question 6 If we expect that the truck would travel empty on its return route, then TL rate would be higher. Considering the example in Section , the probability that the truck es back empty from Illinois (industrial heartland) to New York is lower than the corresponding probability from New York to Illinois which explains the asymmetric cost structure between these two cities. Question 7 1. Handling Costs i. Labor cost of workers in material handling. 9 ii. Costs of conveyors, fork lifts, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), etc., used to carry the goods in the warehouse. Note that these costs have two ponents: variable costs that are linearly proportional to the distances the goods are transpo。