英文版管理学练习题经典之作

英文版管理学练习题经典之作内容摘要：

oaches. (moderate) 127. In a short essay, define ebusiness and emerce. Next discuss the three categories of ebusiness involvement. Answer Ebusiness (electronic business) is a prehensive term describing the way an anization does its work by using electronic Interbased) linkages with its key constituencies (employees, managers, customers, suppliers, and partners) in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. It’s more than emerce, although ebusiness can include emerce. Emerce (electronic merce) is any form of business exchange or transaction in which the parties interact electronically. The first category of ebusiness involvement an ebusiness enhanced anization, a traditional anization that sets up ebusiness capabilities, usually emerce, while maintaining its traditional structure. Many Fortune 500 type anizations are evolving into ebusinesses using this approach. They use the Inter to enhance (not to replace) their traditional ways of doing business. Another category of ebusiness involvement is an ebusiness enabled anization. In this type of ebusiness, an anization uses the Inter to perform its traditional business functions better, but not to sell anything. In other words, the Inter enables anizational members to do their work more efficiently and effectively. There are numerous anizations using electronic linkages to municate with employees, customers, or suppliers and to support them with information. The last category of ebusiness involvement is when an anization bees a total ebusiness. Their whole existence is made possible by and revolves around the Inter. (moderate) 128. In a short essay, discuss the need for innovation and flexibility as it relates to the survival of today’s anizations. Answer Innovation has been called the most precious capability that any anization in today’s economy must have and nurture. Without a constant flow of new ideas, an anization is doomed to obsolescence of even worse, failure. In a survey about what makes an anization valuable, innovation showed up at the top of the list. There is absolutely no doubt that innovation is crucial. Another demand facing today’s anizations and managers is the need for flexibility. In a context where customers’ needs may change overnight, where new petitors e and go at breathtaking speed, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project, one can see how flexibility might be valuable. (easy) 129. In a short essay, discuss the concept of total quality management and the six characteristics that describe this important concept. Answer A quality revolution swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s. The generic term used to describe this revolution was total quality management, or TQM for short. It was inspired by a small group of quality experts, the most famous being W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran. TQM is a philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations. The objective is to create an anization mitted to continuous improvement in work processes. TQM is a departure from earlier management theories that were based on the belief that low costs were the only road to increased productivity. The Six Characteristics of Total Quality Management a. Intense Focus on the customer – the customer includes not only outsiders who buy the anization’s products or services but also internal customers (such as shipping or accounts payable personnel) who interact with and serve others in the anization. b. Concern for continual improvement – TQM is a mitment to never being satisfied. ―Very good‖ is not good enough. Quality can always be improved. c. Processfocused – TQM focuses on work processes as the quality of goods and services is continually improved. d. Improvement in the quality of everything the anization does – TQM uses a very broad definition of quality. It relates not only to the final product but also to how the anization handles deliveries, how rapidly it responds to plaints, and how politely the phones are answered. e. Accurate measurement – TQM uses statistical techniques to measure every critical variable in the anization’s operations. These are pared against standards or benchmarks to identify problems, trace them to their roots, and eliminate their causes. f. Empowerment of employees – TQM involves the people on the line in the improvement process. Teams are widely used in TQM programs as empowerment vehicles for finding and solving problems. (difficult) 130. In a short essay, describe the learning anization and discuss the concept of knowledge management. Answer Today’s managers confront an environment where change takes place at an unprecedented rate. Constant innovations in information and puter technologies bined with the globalization of markets have created a chaotic world. As a result, many of the past management guidelines and principles no longer apply. Successful anizations of the twentyfirst century must be able to learn and respond quickly, and will be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the anization’s knowledge base, and make needed changes. In other words, these anizations will need to be learning anizations. A learning anization is one that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change. Part of a manager’s responsibility in fostering an environment conducing to learning is to create learning capabilities throughout the anization—from lowest level to highest level and in all areas. Knowledge management involves cultivating a learning culture where anizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the anization so as to achiev。