研究设计之测量

研究设计之测量内容摘要：

agree Precision/Level of Measurement  Nominal Measures（ 定类） exhaustive and mutual exclusive categories。 none is more or less than another  Ordinal Measures（ 定序） can logically rankorder: with more or less of particular attribute  Interval Measures（ 定距） How much smaller or larger。 the distance between each unit on the scale must be the same。  Ratios Measures（ 定比） Interval measures。 the zero point has a true meaning (absence of the characteristic being measured) Level of Measurement Level of Measurement 选择测量层次  如果可能，选择定比 /定距  受其他因素影响 – 变量本身的特点 – 敏感性（如收入） – 信度与效度 Practices  You have data on the annual salary of 200 employees of an anization. How the data can be presented as ratio, interval, ordinal, and nominal data? 复合指数测量：什么是。 复合指数测量：为什么。 概念 指标 2 指标 3 指标 5 指标 4 指标 1 例子：怎么测量国家的“自由”程度。 (Country) 1 2 3 4 5 Privately owned newspapers 1 0 0 0 1 Legal right to form political parties 1 1 0 0 0 Contested elections for public offices 1 1 0 0 0 Voting rights for most of the adults 1 1 0 1 0 Limitations on government’s ability to incarcerate citizens 1 0 0 0 1 Index score 5 3 0 1 2 1= Yes。 0=No. 李克特量表  Likert Format (for other formats, refer to the textbook) SD 1 D 2 U 3 A 4 SA 5 Privately owned newspapers  Legal right to form political parties  Contested elections for public offices  Index score for Observation x 15 or 15/3=5 测量的好坏。 How do you measure individuals’ alcohol addiction?  ―How many times a week do you drink an alcoholic beverage?‖ 1. 1. None 2. 1~2 3. 3~5 4. 5~7 5. 7~10 6. 10  ―How many times a week do you drink an alcoholic beverage?‖ _____  ―Do you think you are addicted to alcohol? 1. Yes 2. No  ―I am alcoholic.‖ 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Neutral 4. Disagree 5. Strongly Disagree  How many bottles of alcohol do you normally drink for a week? __。