二、动词的语态

二、动词的语态内容摘要：

th stains easily. 这种麻布容易弄脏。  This paper tears easily. 这种纸币一撕就破。  This cloth washes well. 这部很耐洗。  This material won’t wear. 这种材料不耐久。  The drawer won’t open. 抽屉开不开。 14  以上这些句子一般都不能转换为被动句，如果变为被动句，句子的意义就改变了。 pare：  His novels don’t sell. 他的小说销路不佳。  His novels are not sold. 他的小说没有卖掉。  The middle house won’t let. 中间的房子租不出去。  The middle house will not be let. 中间的房子不会出租。  She does not photograph well. 她不上照。  She has not been photographed well. 她的相没有照好。 （ｅｎｄ ） 15  4)非限定动词的被动语态  非限定动词包括不定式、 ing 分词和 –ed分词， 其中不定式和 ing 分词有被动语态。 以 write 为例，形式如下： 形式 不定式 ing 分词 一般时态 to be written being written 完成时态 to have been written having been written 16  A） 不定式的被动态  当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。 例如：  I hope to be nominated.  It is impossible for lost time to be made up.  To fetch water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never to be broken.  Note: get型被动态 (getpassive)也可以不定式的形式出现。 例如：  It was nasty for Mary to be / to get hurt.(玛丽受到伤害这件事令人很不愉快。 )  It was good for Joan’s mother to be / to get looked after so kindly. 17  B） ing 分词的被动态  当 ing 分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用 ing 分词的被动态。 例如：  The workers were proud of their products being praised highly by the buying public..  I object to being kept waiting.  Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.  Note:当代有人称代词作为自己主语的 ing 分词被动态在主句中作宾语或补足成分时 ,这个人称代词既可用宾格 , 也可用属格。 例如：  I insisted on him /his being invited.  I don’t mind him / his being invited. （ end） 18 5) 被动语态的灵活运用 ：  A)下列的动词短语动词不能用被动式： 用 法 take place happen occur (发生 ) (发生 ) (发生 ) belong to break out consist of (属于 ) (爆炸 ) (组成 ) 例 句 An accident happened here a week ago. ( T ) An accident was happened here a week age. ( F ) ( 一个星期前在这里发生了车祸。 ) This house belongs to be now. ( T ) This house is belonged to me now. ( F ) ( 这栋房子现在属于我。 ) 19  Note:  (a) “take place”做“举行”解时，要注意其用法 ：  We will hold the meeting next Monday.  =The meeting will be held next Monday.  =The meeting will take place next Monday.  (下星期一将举行会议。 )  (b) “连系动词” (如 look,feel, taste, smell, remain等 )没有被动形式：  The coffee tastes a little bitter. ( T )  The coffee is tasted a little bitter. ( F )  (这咖啡尝起来有点苦。 )  (c)并非 所有及物动词都有被动形式，如： cost (花费 )， take (花费 )， last (持续 ), resemble (像 ), have (有 )等都没有被动式。 20  The pen cost five yuan. ( T )  The pen is costed five yuan. ( F )  (这笔要五元。 )  B)有些动词以“动名词”或“不定式”的形式表示被动语态  下列动词看似主动，但其实还有被动的意义：  ① be worth + Ving(值得 …)  ② need  want + Ving(需要 …)  require  ③ to let (出租 )， to blame (该受责备。