thetrialofsocrates(399bc)

thetrialofsocrates(399bc)内容摘要：

ial and for such severe charges? The Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War The Greek World engulfed the Greek world The Athenian Culture never regained the prosperity of its Golden Age The Trial of Socrates Oligarchy at Athens: The Thirty Tyrants Lysander installed an oligarchic government consisting of thirty citizens from the wealthy elite. Only one or two were moderate people like Theramenes. They became known as the Thirty Tyrants for the brutal conduct. Brutally suppressed their opposition in Athens by forcing many Athenians into exile and throwing their leaders into jail. They even carried out a series of murders. The Thirty Tyrants The most terrifying figure of the Thirty was Critias。 One of the best pupils of Socrates and a relative of Plato. A passionate antidemocrat and a longtime admirer of the Spartan constitution. Critias brutally ordered murders by the hundreds without a qualm(顾虑 ). He had the moderate Theramenes put to death simply because he was moderate and wealthy, and not on his side by forcing him to drink hemlock, the poison used soon afterwards to execute Socrates. The Thirty Tyrants Some Athenians were murdered because their political propositions, others were murdered simply because they were wealthy. Through these terrible activities, the Thirty Tyrants created an eightmonthlong period of terror in Athens. Not all the victims were political enemies。 many were wealthy metics. So violent and brutal that the Spartans did not interfere when a prodemocracy resistance movement finally came to power and ended the violence and brutality of the Thirty. Athenian people had Critias killed in a battle. The Athenians restored their democratic government, with bitter memory of divisiveness (离间 ). Socrates An ancient Greek philosopher, who helped to shape Greek beliefs. The ideas he created are present in our culture today. Born in 470 ., grew up during the Golden Age of Athens, a time period when Greece was very powerful, lived in Athens. His father wanted him to bee a sculptor Socrates 2. Socrates At young age, Socrates searched for wisdom and truth. Show no interest in money, would allow groups of men to listen to him speak, never take money from them. Socrates would stand on a stoa while teaching others. Ruins of stone stoas can still be seen in Athens today. 2. Socrates He has been a brave soldier, fought as an Athenian infantry man in major battles of the early Peloponnesian War when he was no longer young. He has a family。 his wife, Xanthippe, has sort of a reputation as a shrew。 he has children, But mainly he seems to spend his time just walking around Athens, talking and questioning, He has a vigorous group of students who are devoted to him, people like Alcibiades and Critias. Socrates 2. Socrates Socrates was known for being a bit strange. He went into a trance(昏睡 )when he thought hard about a problem. He might stand still for days on end without moving, eating, or sleeping. Men in the city would gather around Socrates to watch him. Once he was finished thinking, he would snap out of his trance and go on as usual. 3. Two Divergent Portraits of Socrates Socrates himself never wrote anything. We do not have many sources available representing a reasonable portrait of the real Socrates. Two divergent portraits of Socrates: Aristophanes‘ edy The Clouds。 works of Socrates‘ wellknown pupils, Xenophon and Plato, whose lives were shaped by their teacher, and from Aristotle, father of the university, who was also influenced by the ideas of Socrates through his teacher, Plato. 4. The Clouds by Aristophanes The Cloud produced in 423 . Socrates could be a danger to Athenian traditional society gave Aristophanes the inspiration. Socrates is presented as a cynical sophist. For a fee, he offers instruction in his “ Thinking Shop” to his pupils by using the Protagorean technique. 4. The Clouds by Aristophanes Socrates is such a person who can make a good argument seem bad and a bad argumen。