historyofsexuality(ii)

historyofsexuality(ii)内容摘要：

c and political problem of population was sex. • 長期以來，人們認為國家欲強盛必須要有足夠的人口，但是直到十八世紀，管理的不只是公民的婚姻家庭法規 ， but the manner in which each individual made use of his sex(26) • Between the state and the individual, sex became an issue, a public issue no less。 a whole web of discourses, a special knowledges, analyses. and injunctions settled upon it. The distribution of speech and silence • There is no binary division to be made between what one says and who one does not say。 we must try to determine the different ways of not saying such things, how those who can and those who cannot speak of them are distributed, which type of discourse is authorized. • 例如： the seeming silence on Children’s sex: not silence, but things said in different ways… – 如果我們以中學校為例，我們或發現，雖然課堂上也許不談論性，甚至禁止談論性，但是這並不意味著性不被考量。 例如，宿舍的建築方式就是一個很明顯的例子。 其它的例如課程的設計亦是 • internal discourse of the institution – the one it employed to address itself。 and which circulated among those who made it function – was largely based on the assumption that this sexuality existed, that it was precocious, active, and ever present. – Schoolboys’ sex成為關注的重點， a whole literature of precepts, opinions, observations, medical advice, clinical cases, outlines for reform, and plans for ideal institutions（ 28) – It would be less than exact to say that the pedagogical institutions has imposed a ponderous silence on the sex of children and adolescents. On the contrary, since the eighteenth century it has multiplied the forms of discourse on the subject。 it has established various points of implantation for sex, it has coded contents and qualified speakers(29). • It may well be true that adults and children themselves were deprived of a certain way of speaking about sex, a mode that was disallowed as being too direct, crude or coarse. But this was only the counterpart of other discourses, and perhaps the condition necessary in order for them to function, discourses that were interlocking, hierarchized, and all highly articulated around a cluster of power relations. 18, 19世紀的發展 • medicine: nervous disorder • Psychiatry: the etiology of mental illness, sexual perversions • Criminal justice: heinous crimes, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions these sites radiated discourses aimed at sex, intensifying people’s awareness of it as a constant danger, and this in turn created a further incentive to talk about it. The story of the villager of Lapcourt (31) • Sex was driven out of hiding and constrained to lead a discursive existence. From the singular imperialism that pels everyone to transform their sexuality into a perpetual discourse, to the manifold mechanisms which, in the areas of economy, pedagogy, medicine, and just。