ecologyoftransgeniccrops

ecologyoftransgeniccrops内容摘要：

的植物，可能會有較強的擴散能力，如同雜草。  Hybridization between a transgenic crop and a related noncrop plant can spread novel traits to additional species. Ecology of Transgenic Crops 19 Fig. 3. Purple loosestrife ranks as one of the most economically costly and environmentally destructive examples of nonnative species. Ecology of Transgenic Crops 20 Fig. 4. Invertebrate herbivores can limit plant reproduction. This graph represents the pooled results from many experiment on the impacts of invertebrate herbivores on plantreproductive performance. 有蟲和無蟲， production of flowerers, fruits or seeds 的量，相差可高達 25倍。 Ecology of Transgenic Crops 21 Troubles for nontargets 案例：  a plant that is toxic to Colorado potato beetles could conceivably also be toxic to nonpest beetles or to beetles that actually benefit farmers, including ladybird beetles.  Losey and his colleagues studied the effects of pollen produced by transgenic corn that resists lepodopteran pests. Ecology of Transgenic Crops 22 ↑Bt corn corn 的蛀蟲 ↑ Ecology of Transgenic Crops 23 Fig. 5. This corn releases an insecticidal pound (red) through its roots into the soil. That pound can remain insecticidal for 230 days or more and could impact populations of soil anisms. In addition, pollen from Bt corn (blue) can travel as far as 60 meters, where it coats the surface of noncrop plants. Nontarget insects, including monarch butterfly larvae, consume some of the windblown corn pollen. Ecology of Transgenic Crops 24 What is significantly safe?  Transgenic crops that produce insect toxins must undergo two separate reviews of environmental safety before they can be sold mercially in the .  1. EPA reviews laboratory studies assessing a crop’s effects on particular nontarget anisms, including pollinators, predatory insects and, often, soil invertebrates.  2. Sufficient field data regarding a crop’s performance and safety. Ecology of Transgenic Crops 25 批准申請案  As of July 2020, the US 農業部已經批准 50個申請案。 其中有 14個是具有抗蟲的農作物，且都是運用 Bt toxin。  目前通過申請案運用 Bt toxin的農作物有玉米、棉花、馬鈴薯和蕃茄。 Ecology of Transgenic Crops 26 樣品數極少。 申請通過的案例：  編號： 9701201p  內容： A variety。