危机管理一个企业全面管理的方法英文文献及翻译

危机管理一个企业全面管理的方法英文文献及翻译内容摘要：

its on the process. Risk identification is not static. As the business, economy and industry change, so do the risks and so,too. must the risk identification process. 2. Rank risks. Once risks are identified, management can determine what to do with them, depending on the effect of the risk on the good first step in assessing the effect is to rank risks by some scale of impact and likelihood. DuPont implicitly lanks risks, while Microsoft uses risk rankings to generate risk maps. (Risk maps are a graphical approach for viewing and plotting both likelihood and impact of risks.)Either way,can you imagine trying to run a business without knowing the real risks and without knowing the possible importance of each risk? It39。 s a recipe for poor performance or even disaster. The goal is to make conscious decisions about risk, including all risks facing the business. 3. Try to measure risks. As previously noted, some panies implicitly or explicitly rank risks。 others decide to validate the risk39。 s perceived importance. These panies want to have more evidence on importance before they make decisions about how to manage the this additional evidence helps management allocate capital efficiently and avoid overmanaging those risks that are not as important while undermanaging those that are important. Risk Measurement Approaches But some risks seem to defy reliable measurement. The approach we have taken in financial risk and business risk is to try to quantify what we can and not necessarily worry that we are unable to capture everything in our measurement, said Gee Zinn. director of corporate finance for Microsoft, describing how his pany views the problem. Still, panies should attempt serious risk measurement because it offers hard data to back up the perceived impact of risks. The most sophisticated measurement of risk occurs in the area of financial risk. Companies are using value at risk or VAR (effect of unlikely events in normal markets), and stress testing (effect of plausible events in abnormal markets)methodologies to measure the potential impact of the financial risks they face. To Microsoft. VAR provides a way to respond to the question. How much risk is Microsoft taking? Microsoft39。 s treasurer, Brent Callinicos, said that befo re the pany used VAR. it would have to ask what they really meant. The risk management group, according to Callinicos, decided it would tell anyone who asks what we mean when we say we have risk. The measurement of risk has been evolving from financial risk to now include nonfinancial risk which is more problematic. However, the panies studied have developed eclectic approaches to measuring these various risks. For example: UGG took risk measurement to a new level by developing, among other measures, gain/loss curves for risks. Such curves reveal the dollar effect and likelihood of a risk affecting earnings. In addition, UGG found that a certain subset of its risks contributed to as much as 50 percent of the variance in what affects revenue (and earnings) variance is extremely valuable to any anization, and UGG was even able to negotiate insurance coverage incorporating its most significant risk, grain volume, at no incremental cost because the risks were integrated in the insurance package. Also, UGG39。 s risk measurement included more than traditional financial risks. DuPont advanced financial risk measurement even further by developing earnings at risk (EAR) measurement tools. To DuPon。