论奥康纳短篇小说的哥特艺术风格本科英语专业毕业论文

论奥康纳短篇小说的哥特艺术风格本科英语专业毕业论文内容摘要：

796) es out two years later which is renowed for appalling description of violence and sexuality. Another classic Gothic novel is The Italian written by Radcliffe in 1797, thus gothic genre is fully developed. The German critic, Wolfgang Kayser puts forward grotesque as a genre in his book The Grotesque Art and Literature, That the word “grotesque” applies to three different realmsthe creative process, the work of art itself, and its receptionis siginificant and appropriate as an indication that it has the makings of a basic esthetic catagery. (Kayser, 179) Kayser believes the nature of grotesque is “the astranged world” (184). The plots of Gothic novel are usually related to killing one‟s life, villian, rape, devilhero, which is closely related to absurdity and abnormality. Philip Thompson views gothic as “a fundamentally ambivalent thing, as a violent clash of opposites” (Thompson 11). The rise of Gothic novels keeps a close tie with western culture and tradition. It not only worships ancient legends, myth and folktales, but also roots deeeply in Bible and Christain. It deals with dark emotions and extreme modes, always reveals the evil side of huamn beings. The settings in Gothic novels include castles, dark or hidden tunnels。 atmosphere of mystery and suspense that arouses fear and terror。 extraordinary portrait of images and fantastic plot that every story has a stereotyped ending. The great B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 5 influence of Gothic genre makes scholars realize that “Gothic novels have exerted significant influence on the literature of later generations and on every European literature. They have exerted great effect on the American literature, Hawtho rn and Allen Poe in particular” (Zhao 283). In the Romantic period, Zastrozzi (1810) by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley‟s Frankenstein are publiclyknown Gothic novels. Charlotte Bront235。 ‟s Jane Eyre (1847) and Emily Bront235。 ‟s Wuthering Heights (1847) in the ninteenth century are also acknowledged as Gothic novels. Charles Dickens is another great writer heavily influenced by Gothic novels. Oliver Twist (18378), Bleak House (1854), Great Expectations (1861) and The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870) contain Gothic mood and themes. II. Gothic Tradition in American Tradition Gothic novel begins at the end of nieenth century in American. Born of the same heritage, the American writers share some similarities with European counterparts , but also develop their own features. Charles Brockden Brown is a pioneer of American gothic novel who draw his inspiration on British Gothic writers , such as Ann Radeliffe. Wieland is his first and bestknown work, which begins the tradition of American Gothic novel. In the nieenth century, Edgar Ellen Poe, Herman Melville and Hawthorne are the mainstream writers who elevate American Gothic. Poe may be the mo st gothic one among them since he is renowed for detective stories and the theme of portraying the death of a beautiful lady. Poe is a master of horror fiction and he claims that “My terror is not of Germany, but of the soul” (Xiao 98). Anthor prominent innovation dunring that time is that the style of Gothic literature is not fined to novels. Short stories which are prefered by Poe and Hawthore and later enriched by William Faulker and Flannery O‟Connor dominant the area of Gothic literature. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the mordern age adds new contents and layers to Gothic literature and sees more social reality such as racial discirmination, , poverty and child abuse. That phenomenon is probably due to the two World War, the cold War, the drugs and the disaster brought by new technology which makes B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 6 contemporary writers like Willam Faulker concern more about social issues . Thus the Gothic has bee the most suitable formation for American writers to manifest their sentiments. Gothic fiction can be seen continously during the post war period then it rises to a height of prosperity when the “South Renassissance” begins when it bees the most popular literature form in America. William Faulker, Flannery O‟Connor are representive writers of Gothic genre in American South. They focuses on the plicated feelings of people in diffferent classes in American Southern society and closely pay attention to the historical, social and cultural developmentof the South. Gothic genre of American southern literature employs the deformed and the bizzare characters as well as using exaggerate descriptions to imply deep and plex concoren for human fate and social reality. Flannery O‟Connor, who works grotesqueto its fullest in her fiction, depicts various weird figures revealing a desolate spiritual world of the Southern America after World War II. Gothic is one main and distinctive feature of O‟Connor‟s works which makes her remarkable in American literature. She inhertiages traditional Gothic essence then makes innovation and enrichment through her religious motif and characterization as well as narrative techniques. B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 7 Chapter Two Gothic Vehicles in Short Stories In this chapter, we mainly examine O‟Connor‟s devices of Gothic in her short stories through analysizing the symbolic images, narritative technique and the various abnormal characters. O‟Connor‟s stories seem to be set in an ordinary background of American South, but acually they all contain Gothice elements and vivd use of Gothic vehicles. I. Gothic Images and Black Comedy Noted for a short stories writer, O‟Connor is good at using simbolic images to create a sense of myth. Different from traditonal Gothic fiction that intends to create a horrible and suspenseful atmosterious, O‟Connor‟s short storeies。