工程英语论文国际工程项目

工程英语论文国际工程项目内容摘要：

ect a new and different experience. Chapter Two Types of Construction Project Introduction Construction interests almost all fields of human endeavor, and this diversity is reflected in its projects. Designers of hospitals interest closely with medical professionals to serve the needs of patient best. Educational philosophies take shape in the architecture of schools and colleges, while government and corporations express their “images” with structures that house their offices and production facilities. The design and construction of refineries, factories, and power plants generally require that the builders be more knowledgeable of the related industrial technologies 2 than the manufactures and utilities that operate them [4]. Builders of dams, tunnels, bridges, and other civil engineering today must be geologists, ecologists, and sociologists as well as architects, engineers, and managers. And most of us recognize how intimately the design and quality of our building environment either enhance of frustrate our personal lives. Types Residential housing construction Residential housing construction includes singlefamily homes, multiunit townhouses, garden apartments, highrise apartments and condominiums. The latter, in particular, are technologically less closely related to residents than to the following description of nonresidential building construction and are sometimes incorporated as part of multipurpose mercial developments. They are classified here from the users’ point of view. Official and mercial building construction Official and mercial building construction enpasses a great variety of project types and sizes, such as schools and universities, medical clinics and hospitals, recreational facilities and sports stadiums, retail chain stores and large shopping centers, warehouse and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels. This sector typically accounts for 35 to 40 percent of the construction market. The owners of such buildings may not be familiar with construction industry practices, but they usually are able to select petent professional consultants and arrange the financing of the constructed facilities themselves [5]. Heavy engineering construction Though accounting only for 20 to 25 percent of the market, heavy engineering construction includes many of the structures for which the industry is best known. Dams and tunnels provide hydroelectric power, flood control, and irrigation。 bridges range from footpaths to internationally famous landmarks such as spanning San Francisco’s Golden Gate。 Other 3 transportation structures include interstate railways, airports, highways, and urban rapid transit systems。 ports and harbor structures fall into this category, as do many of those in the deep open sea. Industrial construction Industrial construction represents only about 5 to 10 percent of the market, but it has some of the largest projects and is dominated by some of the largest engineering and construction firms [6]. These projects include petroleu。