生物专业英语biologicalenglish

生物专业英语biologicalenglish内容摘要：

responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 45 例 2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit fortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。 46 长句的翻译方法 顺序法。 当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。 47 例 1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep， electricity is working for us， driving our refrigerators， heating our water， or keeping our rooms airconditioned. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。 48 例 2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 49 逆序法。 英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同 , 甚至完全相反 , 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。 50 例 1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nieenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being bined with other elements, most monly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结合；因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，由于这个原因，在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。 所以，铝直到 19世纪才被人发现。 51 例 2. It therefore bees more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们 (上大学 )的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。 这个问题显得越来越重要了。 52 分句法。 有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语化成句子，分开来叙述 ,为了使语意连贯，有时需要适当增加词语。 53 例 1. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four. 大约有 1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。 54 例 2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。 从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。 55 综合法。 上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法，事实上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用，这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。 尤其是在一些情况下，一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便，这就需要我们的仔细分析，或按照时间的先后，或按照逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，主次分明地对全句进行综合处理，以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。 56 例 1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else. 尽管警察已接到命令 , 要作好准备以应付紧急情况 , 但人们不敢出门 , 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。 57 例 2. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband`s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself。 she must have economic rights to survive. 易卜生的剧作 《 玩偶之家 》 中的女主人公娜拉离家出走，因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。 作家鲁迅从中得到启示，从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己，她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。 58 （ 2）被动语态使用频繁（描述客观）； • It has been found experimentally that the ratio of the amounts of adenine(腺嘌呤） to thymine（胸腺嘧啶） , and the ratio of guanine（鸟嘌呤） to cytosine（胞嘧啶） , are always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid （ DNA） 59 • （ 3）名词性词组多；分词使用频繁；介词短语多（可使语言精练）； • Gene therapy involves the repair or correction of the machinery。 • 基因治疗包括遗传系统的修复或纠正 • （ 4）专业术语多；缩略词多；合成词多；插图，表格，公式，数字所占比例大。 60 三、生物学专业英语的内容 (1)掌握构词法（派生，转换，合成），扩大词汇量。 (2)阅读英文原始文献资料，扩大知识面，掌握生物学专业英语的语言规律，提高阅读，写作，翻译水平以及实际应用生物学专业英语的能力。 (3)巩固英语基础知识，提高应用英语的能力（大学英语教学大纲要求大学生修完大学英语基础课程后必须学习专业英语。 ） 61 四 、 生物学专业英语的学习方法 （ 1） 识记专业词汇，扩大阅读范围 （ 2） 巩固英语语法基础，掌握科技英语的语言特点 （ 3） 针对应用文体加强翻译、写作练习 62 五、生物学专业英语参考资料 • 科技英语语法新编 新时代出版社 1 • BA （ Biological Abstracts）； Science (USA)； Nature (GB.) • 英汉生物学词典（第三版） • 英汉大学生物学词汇 • 金山词霸 • OnLine Biology Book arabee/BIOBK/ 63 Scope of field in Biology • Biology ： The science of living anisms, concerned with the study of embryology(胚胎学 ), anatomy(解剖学 ), physiology, cytology, morphology, taxonomy, geics, evolution, and ecology .生物学 64 • Biochemistry ： The study of the chemical substances that occur in living anisms, the processes by which these substances enter into or are formed in the anisms and react with each other and environment, and the methods by which the substances and processes are identified， characterized,and measured （ Chemical processes associated with living things. ） 生物化学 65 • Anatomy： The branch of morphology concerned with the gross (总的 ) and microscopic structure of animal, especially • Immunology ： The division of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with 66 • Biophysics ： The hybrid science involving the methods and ideas of physics and chemistry to study and explain the structures of living anisms and the mechanics of living 67 • Cytology： The branch of biological science that deals with the structure, behavior, growth, and reproduction of cells and the function and chemistry of cells and cell 68 • Ecology ： The study of the interrelationships between anisms and their • Embryology ： The study of the development of the anisms and the zygote(受精卵 ), or fertilized 学 69 • Evolution ： The processes of biological and anic change in anisms by which descendants（ 后代 ） e to differ from their ancestors, and a history of the sequence of such change. 生物进化 70 • Geics ： The science concerned with biological inheritance( 遗传 ), that is, with the causes of the resemblanc。