环境的道德观

环境的道德观内容摘要：

y: hedonism • Pronunciation: 39。 hi:damp。 nizamp。 m • Function: noun • Etymology: Greek hEdonE pleasure。 akin to Greek hEdys sweet more at SWEET • Date: 1856 • 1 : the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life • 2 : a way of life based on or suggesting the principles of hedonism 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 29 Hedonism • Philosophers monly distinguish between psychological hedonism and ethical hedonism. Psychological hedonism is the view that humans are psychologically constructed in such a way that we exclusively desire pleasure. Ethical hedonism is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to maximize pleasure or happiness. 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 30 What is good? two interpretations • Hedonistic utilitarianism takes pleasure, or at least the absence of pain, to be the only good valued for its own sake. • Preference utilitarianism understands the good as the happiness that results from the satisfaction of desires. 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 31 Two properties of the good • Good should be objective: That means good should be independent of specific contexts. • Good should be universal: That means good for all people at all times. 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 32 Good has value to us. What is value? 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 33 • Main Entry: in�trin�sic • Pronunciation: in39。 trinzik, 39。 trin(t)sik • Function: adjective • Etymology: Middle French intrins232。 que internal, from Late Latin intrinsecus, from • Latin, adverb, inwardly。 akin to Latin intra within more at INTRA • Date: 1642 • 1 a : belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing the intrinsic • worth of a gem the intrinsic brightness of a star b : being or relating to a • semiconductor in which the concentration of charge carriers is characteristic of the • material itself instead of the content of any impurities it contains • 2 a : originating or due to causes within a body, an, or part an intrinsic • metabolic disease b : originating and included wholly within an an or part • intrinsic muscles pare EXTRINSIC 1b • in�trin�si�cal�ly /zik(amp。 )lE, si/ adverb 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 34 Main Entry: 1value Pronunciation: 39。 val()y252。 Function: noun1 : a fair return or equivalent in goods, services, or money for something exchanged 2 : the moary worth of something : marketable price 3 : relative worth, utility, or importance a good value at the price the value of base stealing in baseball had nothing of value to say 4 a : a numerical quantity that is assigned or is determined by calculation or measurement let x take on positive values a value for the age of the earth b : precise signification value of a word 5 : the relative duration of a musical note 6 a : relative lightness or darkness of a color : LUMINOSITY b : the relation of one part in a picture to another with respect to lightness and darkness 7 : something (as a principle or quality) intrinsically valuable or desirable sought material values instead of human values W. H. Jones 11/17/2020 Environmental Ethics 35 Main Entry: 1utility Pronunciation: y252。 39。 tilamp。 tE Function: noun Inflected Form(s): plural ties Etymology: Middle English utilite, from Middle French utilit233。 , from Latin utilitat, utilitas, from utilis useful, from uti to use Date: 14th century 1 : fitness for some purpose or worth to some end 2 : something useful or designed for use 3 a : PUBLIC UTILITY b。