从环境生态的面向,

从环境生态的面向,内容摘要：

15 Creating new weeds 基改植物可能與野生植物雜交，而讓野生植物含有基改的基因 (抗蟲 )。 抗蟲和有蟲的植物，花果實的產量相差，可高達 25倍。 抗蟲的植物，可能會有較強的擴散能力，如同雜草 (weeds)，造成對環境和經濟的傷害。 類似強勢的外來種。 新雜草 16 Troubles for nontargets 案例： a plant that is toxic to Colorado potato beetles could conceivably also be toxic to nonpest beetles or to beetles that actually benefit farmers, including ladybird beetles (瓢蟲 ). Losey and his colleagues studied the effects of pollen produced by transgenic corn that resists lepodopteran pests. 非目標物種 17 Fig. 5. This corn releases an insecticidal pound (red) through its roots into the soil. That pound can remain insecticidal for 230 days or more and could impact populations of soil anisms. In addition, pollen from Bt corn (blue) can travel as far as 60 meters, where it coats the surface of noncrop plants. Nontarget insects, including monarch butterfly larvae, consume some of the windblown corn pollen. 18 Dealing with uncertainty Risk analysis should reveal how the public good might suffer if new technologies backfire. We could assume that a transgenic product is unsafe until the manufacturer demonstrates its safety. (禁漏原則 ： precautionary principle) 不確定性 19  問題與討論。 Ayo 台南 20 有機農業 vs. 現代農業 作者： Pimentel, D. P. Hepperly, J. Hanson, D. Douds and R. Seidel (2020) 主題： Environmental, energetic, and economic parisons of anic and conventional farming systems (有機農業 與 現代農業 的 環境 ， 能量 與經濟 的比較 ). 出處： BioScience 55(7):573582. 3 21 FST， 22年的 田野實驗 From 1981 through 2020, field investigations Rodale Institute FST (Farming Systems。