linguisticmodelsofthetranslationprocessi

linguisticmodelsofthetranslationprocessi内容摘要：

mportant role in machine translation: if there is a domain that two languages share (equivalent lexical and grammatical structures, transfer can be done by a machine (pre and postediting required). Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XVI The semantic model I In the transformational model it is tacitly posited that meaning (sense), remains unchanged. Antecedents of the semantic model 1/ Research in semantics (beginning: the 60s) has influenced TT as well. 2/ Relevant for translation: the ability to decide whether • a sentence has only one or more than one meaning, (He might have told us he would be late) • two (or more) sentences have a mon meaning, ie., are synonymic (Peter likes/cares for/takes to/is keen on/is attracted to/has affection for Mary) Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XV The transformational model VI: advantages and disadvantages Disadvantages: 1/ Separates the SL and the TL and neglects the fact that the way the SL original is formed plays a significant role in shaping the TL surface. 2/SL and TL structures are related to each other in a way that cannot be traced back to the mon domain that the two languages share. These equivalencies can be interpreted under the denotativesituative model, in which the linguistic form plays hardly any role, so there is a way of putting something in one language and a different way in the other: Keep off the grass – Fűre l233。 pni tilos, Staff only – Idegeneknek tilos a beme. Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XVII The semantic model II 3/ the deposability of meaning, . bachelor: (Noun), (Human), (Male), (one who has never married), etc. Words of the SL broken down to such semantic ponents → in the phase of SL analysis it is not basic lexical units or grammatical structures that the original text is traced back to but to elementary semantic units, called semes. They form a certain system depending on the context and speech situation: some of them will be relevant (or central), others will be secondary (or peripheral). Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XVIII The semantic model III The translation process as described by the semantic model SL surface text TL surface text intralingual intralingual transformation transformation (analysis) (synthesis) SL semantic deep structure interlingual transformation (SL semantic deep structure replaced with the equivalent deep structure of the TL ) Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XIX The semantic model IV Melchuk and Zholkovsky’s semantic model “Textsensetext” semantic model: insight into the hypothesised semantic deep structure → a translator first understands the text to be translated then expresses what he has understood the sense of the text in the TL. Sense: the speaker‟s ability to express the same thought in different ways and the listener‟s ability to perceive the identity of sense between statements that look/sound different. The sense of a given text means the mon elements that can be found in all the texts that are intuitively regarded as equivalent. This mon semantic invariant is described in terms of a special semantic language, or basic language. Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XX The semantic model V Process of translation (E→H) : idiomatic English idiomatic Hungarian sense sense analysis synthesis E semantic invariant switching from E basic language to the H one (basic language) (translation proper) Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XXI The semantic model VI What does the lexis of the basic language consist of? Three types of elements: 1/ predicates, 2/ nominals, 3/ adjuncts, subdivided into constant elements + changing elements (lexical functions/correlates of the given word) a/ substituting correlates, .: synonyms: storm → Syn → tempest antonyms: good → Ant → bad b/ connecting correlates , .: rain → Incep → begin mourning → Magn → deep sleep → Fin → wake up engine → Fin → shut off Linguistic Models of the Translation Process XXII The semantic model VII Lexical functions • make the paraphrasing of the SL possible, . explain, express, clarify semantic relations below the surface of the sentence。 • contribute to the deconstruction of SL meaning and to the reconstruction of the TL meaning. Each language has tools to express meanings like: • beginning (Incep) • end。