gmatscmanhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770nn)

gmatscmanhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770nn)内容摘要：

......................................................................... 36 Subgroup modifiers............................................................................................... 36 More on relative clauses vs. participles ................................................................ 36 Absolute phrases ................................................................................................... 37 Advanced strategy: Verbs amp。 parisons .............................. 37 Helping verbs: BE, DO and HAVE....................................................................... 37 Infinitives .............................................................................................................. 38 Gerunds ................................................................................................................. 39 Participles.............................................................................................................. 39 When to use which word....................................................................................... 39 More on LIKE and AS .......................................................................................... 40 Numbers in parisons....................................................................................... 41 Other parison constructions............................................................................ 41 Subjectverb agreement Fragment: Subject and verb must both exist. Missing of working verb: The electron named in 1894. Connecting word and no main clause: Because the dog was never mine/ Which will be approved tomorrow. Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together. Wrong: The proliferation of puter games designed to involve many players at once were first developed before the widespread availability of highspeed inter connections. Right: Computer games designed to involve many players at once have proliferated。 such games were first developed before the wide spread availability of highspeed inter connections. Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in number Additive phrases Or, either… or, neither… nor: nearest Collective nouns: almost always singular Indefinite pronouns: usually singular SANAMM words: some。 any。 none。 all。 more。 most。 Some of the money was stolen from my wallet。 Some of the papers were stolen from the bank. 另外如同 majority minority plurality 等词也是要看情况的 Each and every Every dog and cat has paws. Each of these shirts is pretty. They each are great tennis players. Quantity words and phrases A number of The number of Subject phrases and clauses: always singular Having good friends is a wonderful thing. Whatever they want to do is fine with me. Parallelism Parallel markers Markers Structures And X and Y X, Y and Z Both/and Both X and Y Or X or Y Either/or Either X or Y Not/but Not X but Y Not only/but also Not only X but also Y Rather than X rather than Y From/to From X to Y Parallel elements Elements Examples Nouns Her expression reflected both anger and relief. Adjectives The park was neither accessible nor affordable. We collected both second and thirdgrade books. Verbs The custodian cleaned the basement and washed the windows. Infinitives We would like not only to hear your side of the story but also to provide a response. Participles The actor left quickly, shunning fans and ducking into a car. Prepositional It was important to leave the money in the drawer rather than on the table. Subordinate clauses They contended that the mittee was biased and that it should be disbanded. You can split apart the expressions: The division was opening offices, hiring staff and investing in equipment. The railroad can either lose more money or solve its problems. They wanted to increase awareness, spark interest, and motivate purchases. Parallel clauses should start with the same word Wrong: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and that has low taxes. Right: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where the taxes are low. Wrong: Ralph likes both those who are popular and who are not. Right: Ralph likes both those who are popular and those who are not. Lists with AND Be careful as you tally items: Wrong: She argues that the agency acts with disregard for human life and property and reckless abandon and it should therefore be shut down. Right : She argues that the agency acts with reckless abandon and with disregard for human life and property and that is should therefore be shut down. Idioms with parallel structure Superficial parallelism vs. actual parallelism Wrong: Sal applied himself in his new job, arrived early every day, skipped lunch regularly, and left late every night. Right: Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, and leaving late every night. Watch out for linking verbs To BE Other linking verbs Is Appear Seem Are Bee Smell Was Feel Sound Were Grow Stay Am Look Taste Been Remain Turn Be Represent Being Resemble Treat any linking verb as a parallel market. Wrong: The bouquet of flowers was a giving of love. Right: The bouquet of flowers was a gift of love. And they have to make sense. Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politic ian represents a step forward in urbanrural relations in this country. Right: The nomination of this politic ian represents a step forward in urbanrural relations in this country. Pronouns Antecedent must exist: as a noun Wrong: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent sever wildfires, which would be devastating to it. Right: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent sever wildfires, which would be devastating to the park. Antecedent and pronoun must make sense together Wrong: Although the term “s。