网络教育统考大学英语b培训课内容摘要:

rs. 到了月底他在这里居住 /工作 /学习就满十年了。 2) 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作: By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years. 到了这个月底他驯马 /登山就满 20年了。 但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目 , 或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作 , 就必须用将来完成时: By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains. 到本月底 , 他驯服的马就有 600匹 /攀登的山峰就有 50座了。 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。 , 并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 例: {1}Pick me up at 8 o39。 clock,I will have had breakfast by 8点钟你来接我 , 到时我已经吃完早饭了。 {2}We shall( will) have learned 12 units by the end of this , 我们将学完 12个单元。 {3}By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house from top to。 2.表示推测 , 相当于 must have done结构。 例: {1}You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已经听说过这件事了。 {2}I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定会得到这个信息。 时间。 例: We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到 6月 25日我们俩结婚就满 1年了。 四 .过去进行时用法与结构  概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 例: We were copying the new words this time yesterday. 时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构: was / were +doing 否定形式: was / were + not + doing. 一般疑问句:把 was或 were放于句首。 过去进行时的用法 1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻 , 某一阶段正进行的动作 , 由 “ was (were)+现在分词 ” 构成。 例如: In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. 五 . 现在完成时的用法与结构  :过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ,或从过去已经开始 ,持续到现在的动作或状态 . : recently,lately,since… for… ,in the past few years,etc. : have/has + done : have/has + not +done. : have或 has. : I39。 ve written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六 .过去完成进行时用法与结构  had+been +动词 ing  过去完成进行时是由 had been +现在分词 构成。 She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the 一直患重感冒。 They had been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧。 Rafael was scolded even though he hadn39。 t been doing anything , 但他还是挨骂了。 特别含义 :1) 尚未完成: He had been writing the novel. ( 他没有完成它 ) 2) 企图: He had been studying the meaning of this proverb. ( 他一直在努力学习它 ) 3) 未得结果: We had been studying what our enemy had said. ( 但我们不能理解 ) 4)最近情况: He had been quarrelling with his wife. ( 近来 ) 5) 反复动作: He had been asking me the same question. ( 多次 ,常常 ) 6) 情绪: What had he been doing。 ( 不耐烦 ) 七 .过去完成时用法与结构  过去完成时形式和用法 A 形式 过去完成时由 had+过去分词构成 , 因此无人称变化: 肯定式: I had/ I’ d worked等 否定式: I had not/ hadn’ t worked等 疑问式: had I worked。 等 否定疑问式: had I not/ hadn’ t I worked。 等 B 用法 1 过去完成时是与现在完成时相当的过去式。 现在完成时: Ann has just left. If you hurry you’ ll catch her. 安刚刚走。 如果你快一点 ,就能追上她。 ( 参见第 183节。 ) 过去完成时: When I arrived Ann had just left. 我到的时候 , 安刚刚离开。 现在完成时: I’ ve lost my case. 我的手提箱丢了。 ( 参见第 184节。 ) 过去完成时: He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom’ s pyjamas. 他的手提箱丢了 , 不得不去向汤姆借睡衣睡裤。 但是 , 过去完成时不像现在完成时那样限于表达未指明时间的动作 , 因此可以说: He had left his case on the 4∶ 40 train. 他把手提箱丢在 4点 40分的火车上了。 2 现在完成时可以和 since/ for/ always等词连用 , 表示一个开始于过去并仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作。 ( 参见第 186节。 ) 与此同理 , 过去完成时也可以用来表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作 , 这一动作: ( a) 在该时刻仍然在继续;或 ( b) 在该时刻停止或刚刚停止。 但应注意 ,过去完成时还可以用来表示: ( c) 在所说时刻之前某一时候停止的动作。 例句分别列举如下: ( a) Bill was in uniform when I met him. He had been a soldier for tenyears/ since he was seventeen, and planned to stay in the army till hewas thirty. 我遇到比尔的时候 , 他身穿军服。 那时他已经当了十年兵了/他 从 17岁就当兵 , 并且还计划在军队里呆到 30岁。 Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years/ ever since she was born, andhad no wish to move to a tower block. 安在小屋里已经住了 60年/安出生以来就一直住在小屋 , 也不想搬到塔楼去住。 ( 这里也可以用过去完成进行时形式 had beeniiving。 ) ( b) The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard for300 years/ since before the church was built, suddenly crashed to the ground. 屹立在教堂墓地上已 300百年之久的老橡树/在教堂建造之前就屹立着的老橡树突然间哗啦一声巨响倒在地上。 ( 这里也可以用过去完成进行时形式 had been standing。 ) Peter, who had waited for an hour/ since ten o’ clock, was very angrywith his sister when she eventually turned up. 彼得等了一小时/从 10点钟起就等着 , 他妹妹终于来到时他非常生气。 ( 也可以用 had been waiting。 ) 时态区别。
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