internationallongevitycenter-us

internationallongevitycenter-us内容摘要：

• Be a nice person • 做个好人 Healthy Aging健康的老化 • Have good genes ( about 30%) • 好的基因（大约 30%） • Practice reasonable preventive health (. vaccinations) • 实施合理的预防性保健（如接种疫苗） • Be lucky (. don’t get hit by a car) • 运气好（如 :不被车撞） • Keep active – physically and cognitively • 保持活动 躯体的和认知的 • Be a women • 做个妇女 Healthy Aging健康的老化 “ Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.” “不要找一个办公室植物已经死亡的医生看病” “不要找一个忽视生命的医生看病” Erma Bombeck Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Aging: Not a Single Process 老龄化 : 不是一个单一的过程 • Accumulation of mutations and changes in genes and chromosomes. • 基因和染色体转变和改变的积聚 • Damage to DNA, proteins, membranes, and mitochondria by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during metabolism (free radicals). • 代谢时，产生的活性氧粒子（自由基）对 DNA、蛋白、膜及线粒体的损害 . • Chemical changes in amino acids of proteins, including oxidation, glycation, deamidation, abnormal phosphorylation, methylation. Accumulation of altered proteins as aggregates, such as AGEs, advanced glycation end products. • 蛋白氨基酸的化学变化，包括氧化、甘油、脱酰胺、不正常的磷酸化、甲基化。 聚集时，蛋白积聚改变，例如晚期终末化产物、老的糖化终产品。 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Aging – Not a Single Process 老龄化 : 不是一个单一的过程 • Break down in mechanisms to ensure the accuracy of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis 确保 DNA、 RNA、蛋白合成精确的机制破坏 • Breakdown in recognition of self vs. nonself antigens, leading to increased autoimmunity • 自身与非自身抗原比较的识别力破坏，导致自身免疫增加 Holliday R. Journal of Gerontology, Biological Sciences. 2020: Vol. 59A, No. 6, 568572. Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Maintenance Defenses 维护防御措施 • DNA repair. (Est.) 10,000 apurinic gaps in the genome of each cell/day。 most are repaired. • DNA修复 .(欧洲毒物学会 ) 每天每个细胞整组遗传基因 10， 000无嘌呤缺口 • Enzymes that destroy or antioxidants that absorb ROS (free radicals) • 破坏的酶和吸收活性氧粒子（自由基）的抗氧化物 • Proteases that recognize abnormal proteins and degrade them (Continual protein turnover in cells with active metabolism) • 认知异常蛋白和降解它们的蛋白酶（有着活跃代谢细胞中连续的蛋白质转换） • Immune system recognizes foreign pathogens • 识别外来病原体的免疫系统 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Maintenance Defenses 2 维护防御措施 • Liver detoxification, based on p450 cytochromes, of plant and animal food toxins • 基于 p450、对动植物毒素的肝解毒作用 • Wound repair, blood clotting, broken bone repair • 创伤修复、血液凝固、骨折修复 • Cell suicide mechanism, apoptosis • 细胞自杀机制、编程性细胞死亡 • Homeostatic mechanisms, . temperature control • 稳态机制，如体温控制 • Fat storage to survive periods of inadequate food 为食物不足生存期的脂肪储存 Holliday R. Journal of Gerontology, Biological Sciences. 2020。 Vol. 59A, No. 6, 568572. Healthy Aging: Theoretical Pathways to Increase in Longevity and Delay in Dysfunction健康地老龄化：增加长寿和延缓机能不良的理论途径 • Preventing disease • 预防疾病 • Control of free radical damage • 控制自由基的损伤 • Delay of immunosenescence • 延缓免疫衰老 • Caloric restriction • 控制热量 • Stem cells and cell replacement • 干细胞和细胞移植 • Gene regulation • 基因调节 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 What should we be telling our patients? 我们应该告诉病人什么。 Is There An “AntiAging” Medicine? 存在“抗衰老”药吗。 Healthy Aging 健康地老龄化 • Luigi Cornaro, 1550: extreme longevity possible by maintaining reserves of vital energy through moderation in all things • Luigi Cornaro， 1550：可能通过减少万物的重要能量，维持储存物，以达到极端长寿 • Late 18th, early 19th centuries: hormone transplants • 18世纪后期、 19世纪早期：激素移植物 – BrownSequard 1889: injections of animal sex glands – BrownSequard 1889: 注射动物性腺 – Lydston and Stanley, early 1900s: testis transplants – Lydston及 Stanley， 1900早期：睾丸移植 • 1990: American Academy of AntiAge Medicine (A4M): end of aging promised by bination of hormone treatments, plastic surgery, supplements • 1990：美国抗衰老学会（ A4M）：期望通过激素治疗、整形外科手术及补充物中止衰老 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 “ Within the next 50 years or so, assuming an individual can avoid being the victim of major trauma or homicide, it is entirely possible that he or she will be able to live virtually forever.” “在大约未来的 50年里，如果一个人可以避免成为大的创伤或杀人犯的受害者，她或他是完全可能永远生存。 ” Klatz RM, Advances in AntiAging Medicine, Liebert, 1996. Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Position Statement on Human Aging 人类老化的状态陈述 “Advocates of what has bee known as antiaging medicine claim that it is now possible to slow, stop, or reverse aging through existing medical and scientific interventions. “ 认为有抗衰老药的拥护者主张通过现存的药物和科学干预可能延缓、中止或逆转衰老。 Claims of this kind have been made for thousands of years, and they are as false today as they were in the past.” 这种主张已有数千年，今天仍然和过去一样是错误的。 ” Olshansky, Hayflick, Carnes, J Gerontology, 2020, Vol 57A, No. 8, B292297 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 • Antioxidants 抗氧化剂 • DHEA 脱氢表雄酮 • Human growth hormone人生长激素 • Testosterone 睾丸素 • Melatonin 褪黑激素 AntiAging Boon (doggle )s抗衰老的好处 Healthy Aging健康地老龄化 Human Growth Hormone 人生长激素 • Rudman et al, Effects of Human Growth。