英美概况各章节重点知识点总结整理

英美概况各章节重点知识点总结整理内容摘要：

he Pope. The great charter 大宪章 P93  In 1215, the insurgent nobles met the king at Runnymede, and forced his to sign: the Great Charter (the Magna Carta), the most important documents in English history. Beginning of Parliament  After John died, his 9 years old boy Henry III was put on the  Simon de Montfort, the king’s brother in law, was the defender of the Great Charter. But king refused to accept the Provisions of Oxford was finally put into prison. In 1265,.each county sent two knights, and each town two representatives to join the meeting at Westminster,(the earliest English parliament)  Edward I succeeded, conquered Wales, gave his newborn son the title Prince of Wales, a title held by the heir to the throne ever since. Section 3: decline of feudalism of England The hundred years’ war (1337—1453)  This war refers to the war between France and England, and ended in victory for the French, leading to expulsion of English from France. The reason of the war: territorial and economic disputes.（ direct course:Edward 3 claimed his succession to French throne, but being denied）  Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 : A national heroine in French history during the hundred year39。 s war. She leaded peasants successfully to drive the English out of France.  The war sped up the decline of feudalism. Gunpowder is a blow to the knights, who are pillars of feudal order and the “flower of feudalism”.  The Black Death: It is a modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 13481349. It came without warning, and without any cure. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing farreaching economic consequences. (change serfdom 农奴身份 to paid labour)  The government issued a Statute of Labour, saying it is a crime for peasants to ask more wages. Otherwise, they will be branded with the letter“ F” on their forehead. The peasant uprising (1381)  The government imposed a flat rate poll tax to fund the hundred years’ war. Wat Tyler led the rebels. The uprising dealt a telling blow to villeinage 隶农制 . A whole new class of yeomen farmers 自耕农 emerged, paving the way for the development of capitalism. The wars of the Roses (14551485)  The wars of Roses ： After the Hundred Year39。 s War, in order to decide who would rule England, a war broke out between the House of Lancaster （ won） and the House of York, which were symbolized by the red and white roses respectively. The war lasted from 1455 to 1485. In nature it was a war between the mercialminded gentry in the south and the backward landowners in the north and west. It is usually regarded as the end of English Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern world history. Section 4:the Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie The new monarchy  Henry VII is the founder of the Tudor Monarchy, served as the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English history.  American was discovered.。