高中英语语法图表大总结(最全)内容摘要:

) 3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 两者都可以表示 “从过去开始一直持续到现在 ”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一 直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。 一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that。 I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。 4. 一般将来时的表达方式: 将来时 用法 例句 1 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+动词原形 含有 “打算,计划,即将 ”做某事,或表示很有可能要发生某事 It’s going to clear up. We’re going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 进行时表示将来 go, e, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的 马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事 The meeting starts at five 来 情,可用一般现在时表示将来 o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. II. 动词的被动语态: 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加 not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。 固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如: Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。 如: It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如: The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态: leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等 七.情态动词 I. 情态动词基本用法: 情态动词 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 can 能力(体力,智力,技能) 允许或许可(口语中常用) 可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中) can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以(问句中表示请求) 可能,或许(表推测) 祝愿(用于倒装句中) may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必须,应该(表主观要求) 肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测) must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. have to 只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态人称变化) don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 应当(表示义务责任,口语中 多用 should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 将要,会 用于一三人称征求对方意 见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当,应该(表义务责任) 本该(含有责备意味) should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿,决心 请求,建议,用在问句中would 比较委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中) dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要 必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中) need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 过去常常(现在已不再) used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. II. 情态动词 must, may, might, could, can 表示推测: 以 must 为例。 must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行; must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情; must +have done 是推测可能已经发生过的事情。 1. must“肯定,一定 ”语气强,只用于肯定句中。 He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there. 2. may 和 might“也许 ”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。 可用于肯定句和否定句。 He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can 和 could“可能 ”, could 表示可疑的可能性,不及 can’t 语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。 The weather in that city could be cold now. We could have walked there。 it was so near.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生) Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中 ) III. 情态动词注意点: 1. can 和 be able to: 都可以表示能力。 但 be able to 可以表达 “某事终于成功 ”,而 can 无法表达此意。 Be able to 有更多的时态。 另外,两者不能重叠使用。 2. used to 和 would: used to 表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而 would 只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。 3. need 和 dare 作情态动词和实义动词的区别: 两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。 其形式为: needn’t/daren’t do; Need/dare…do…? 做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。 其形式为: need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 八.非谓语动词 I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成: 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词,副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 分词 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较: 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多。
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