外文文献及翻译：人机工程学

外文文献及翻译：人机工程学内容摘要：

d fort, greater user acceptance, increased job satisfaction, and improved quality of live. It may seem like a tall order to enhance all these varied objectives, but as Chapanis (1983) points out, two things help us. First, only a subset of the objectives are generally of highest importance in the specific application. Second, the objectives are usually correlated. For example, a machine or product that is the result of human factors engineering technology usually not only is safer, but also is easier to use, results in less fatigue, and is more satisfying to the user. Approach Of Human Factors Engineering The approach of human factors engineering is the systematic application of relevant information about human capabilities, limitations, characteristics, behavior, and motivation to the design of things and procedures people use and the environments in which they use them. This involves scientific investigations to discover relevant information about humans and their responses to things, environments, etc. This information serves as the basis for making design remendations and for predicting the problem effects of various design alternatives. The human factors engineering approach also involves the evaluation of the things we design to ensure that they satisfy their intended objectives. Although no short catch phrase can adequately characterize the scope of the human factors engineering field, such expressions as designing for human use and optimizing working and living conditions give a partial impression of what human factors engineering is about. For those who would like a concise definition of human factors engineering which bines the essential elements of focus, objectives, and approach discussed above, we present the following definition, modified slightly from Chapanis(1985): Human factors engineering discovers and applies information about human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, fortable, and effective human use. 2 Human Error Human Error To some people the term human error has a connotation of blame or curser. A much more productive approach, however, is to consider human error simply as an event whose cause can be investigated. Numerous definitions have been proposed for human error, but the following embodies the essence of most of them: human error is an inappropriate or undesirable human decision or behavior that reduces, or has the potential for reducing, effectiveness, safety, or system performance. Two things should be noted about this definition. First an error is defined in terms of its undesirable effect or potential on system criteria or on people. Fetting to pack cookies in a lunch would not be considered a human error in the context of a construction crew building a bridge, but fetting to take safety shoes and glasses to the work site would be. Second, an action does not have to result in degraded system performance or an undesirable effect on people to be considered an error. An error that is corrected before it can cause damage is an error noheless. The important point is that an action must have the potential for adversely affecting system or human criteria. Although there is a tendency among some to view errors as th。