船舶与海洋工程专业英语复习笔记

船舶与海洋工程专业英语复习笔记内容摘要：

d on deck for stowing containers. Some rollon rolloff (RoRo) vessels also have hatch covers to enable loading of lower decks with containers. Where cargo (with or without wheels) is loaded and discharged by cranes the term lifton liftoff (LoLo) is used. 船舶的装货区域是大而宽敞的甲板，在其尾端通常设置装载坡道。 内部坡道由装载甲板通向其他间甲板区域。 货物可用自己的动力开上船，也可用跨运车或叉车装上船。 为了装运集装箱或杂货，船上可有一个或几个舱口，并配有一台或几台甲板吊车。 甲板上也可以布置来堆放集装箱。 某些滚装船也时舱口盖，以便在下层甲第 7 页 共 36 页 板上装载集装箱。 当货物（有轮或无轮）用起重机装卸时，就用“吊上 吊下”（ LOLO）这一术语。 The ship‟s structure outboard of the cargo decks is a boxlike arrangement of wing tanks to provide longitudinal strength. A double bottom is also fitted along the plete length. The acmodation is located aft and also the lowheight machinery space. Only a narrow machinery casing actually perates the loading deck. Sizes range considerably with about 16,000 dwt (28,000 displacement tonne) being quite mon. High speeds in the region of 18~22 knots are usual. 货物加班舷侧部分的船体结构是箱形布置的边舱，以提供纵向强度。 这种船也在全厂范围内设置双层底。 住舱还有低高度的机舱都位于船尾。 实际上仅有狭窄的机舱棚穿国装载甲板。 尺度变化很大， 16000 载重吨（ 28000排水吨）相当普遍。 速度通常高达 18 至 22 节。 Barge carrier 载驳船 This type of vessel is a variation of the container ship, instead of containers, standard barges are carried into which the cargo has been previously loaded. The barges, once unloaded, are towed away by tugs and return cargo barges are loaded. Minimal or even no port facilities are required and the system is particularly suited to countries with vast inland waterways. Two particular types will be described, the LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) and the SEABEE. 这种船是集装箱船的派生船型，所装载的不是集装箱，而是标准的驳船，驳船中预先装进了货物。 驳船一当卸下就被拖轮带走，回来的驳船已装载。 这一运输系统很少或甚至不需要港口设备，它特别适合于有大量内陆水道的国家。 这里要介绍两种特殊类型，即载驳船（驳船上船）和升降式载驳船。 The LASH ship carries barges, capable of holding up to 00 tonne of cargo, which are m ( ft) long, (31ft) beam and m (13 ft) deep. About eighty barges are carried stacked in holds much the same as containers with some as deck cargo on top of the hatch covers. The barges are loaded and unloaded using a traveling gantry crane capable of lifting over 500 tonne. Actual loading and discharge takes place between extended “arms” at the after end of the ship. The shi structure around the barges is similar to the container ship. The acmodation is located forward whereas the machinery space is one hold space forward of the stern. LASH ships are large, in the region of 45,000 deadweight tones, with speeds in the region of 18 knots. 载驳船载运驳船，驳船能装 400 吨货物，它长 ()，宽 (31ft)，深 (13ft)。 与集装箱很相像，大约 8 只驳船放在货舱内，一些作为甲板货物放在舱口盖上面。 用一台举力超过 500 吨的移动式门架起重机来装卸驳船。 实际装卸作业在船尾的延伸臂间 进行。 装驳区周围的船体结构与集装箱船相似。 住舱位于船首，而机舱在船尾一个货舱之前。 载驳船很大，在 45000 载重吨左右，速度在 18 节左右。 The SEABEE is somewhat larger than the LASH ship and carries thirtyeight barges. Each barge may be loaded with up to 1,000 tonne of cargo and is m long, by m beam and m depth. The barges are loaded on board by an elevator located at the stern. They are then winched forward along the various decks. 升降式载驳船比载驳船稍微大些，能装载 38 个驳船；每一驳船可载 1000 吨货物，它长 ，宽 ，深。 驳船用位于船尾的一台升降机上船；然后用绞车沿着各层甲板拖向船首。 Deck hatch opening does not exist and the decks are sealed at the after end by large watertight doors. Two „tween decks and the weather deck are used to store the barges. The machinery space and various bunker tanks are located beneath these „tween decks. 第 8 页 共 36 页 在甲板上不存在舱口，各层甲板在尾端用大型水密门密封。 两层 间甲板和露天甲板用来存放驳船。 机舱和各种燃料舱位于这些间甲板下方。 The machinery space also extends into the boxlike structure outboard of the barges on either side of the ship. The acmodation is also located here together with several ballast tanks. A barge winch room is located forward of the barge decks and provides the machinery for horizontal movement of the barges. The SEABEE is physically about the same size as the LASH ship but with a slightly smaller deadweight of 38,000 tonnes. The speed is similarly in the region of 18 knots. 机舱延伸到驳船外侧船舶两舷箱形结构内。 住舱也设在此处，还加上几个压载舱。 早驳船甲板的前端设置了驳船绞车房，并布置了用于驳船水平运动的机械。 升降式载驳船的实体尺度与载驳船大致相同，但载重量略小一些，约 38000 吨。 速度也相似在 18 节左右。 Despite their being specialist vessels both LASH and SEABEE can be used for other cargoes. Each can be used to carry containers and the SEABEE will also take RoRo cargo. Other variations of barge carriers have been proposed such as the barge carrying catamaran vessel (BACAT). Tugbarge systems have also been considered where the “Ship” is actually a number of linked barges with a separable propulsion unit. 尽管它们是专用船，载驳船和升降式载驳船能用于其他货物。 每一种船可用来装载集装箱，而升降式载驳船也能携带滚装货。 载驳船的其他派生船型已经被提议，如装载双体船的驳船（简称 BACAT）。 还考虑了“拖轮 驳船”系统，系统中“船舶”实际上是一些相连接的驳船，配备一个可分离的推进单元。 Oil tankers 油船 The demand for crude oil is constantly increasing. Oil tankers, in particular crude carriers, have significantly increased in size in order to obtain the economies of scale. Designations such as ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier) and VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) have been used for these huge vessels. Crude oil tankers with deadweight tonnages in excess half a million have been built although the current trend (1985) is for somewhat smaller (100,000~150,000 dwt) vessels. After the crude oil is refined the various products obtained are transported in product carriers. The refined products carried in these vessels include gas oil, aviation fuel and kerosene. 对原油的需求在不断地增加。 油船特别是原油船已显著地增加了尺度以获得规模经济。 诸如 ULCC（超级油轮）和 VLCC（巨型油轮）这样的名称已用于这些巨大的船舶。 载重吨位超过五百万的原油船也已制造，尽管当前（ 1985）的趋势是稍微小一点的船舶（十到十五万载重吨）。 原油经过提炼后，得到的各种产品用成品油船来装载。 这些船所装的提炼产品包括汽油，航空燃油和煤油。 The cargo carrying section of the oil tanker is divided into individual tanks by longitudinal and transverse bulkheads. The size and location of these cargo tanks is dictated by the International Maritime Organization Convention MARPOL 1973/78. This Convention and its Protocol of 1978 further requires the use of segregated ballast tanks (SBT) and their location such that provide a barrier against accidental oil spillage. An oil tanker when on。