新概念第一册语法总结

新概念第一册语法总结内容摘要：

s daughter. ★变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Are you going to make a bookcase? Are they going to paint it? Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter? ★变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. ★特殊疑问句 What are you going to do? What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? 2. There be 句型 表示哪里有什么东西 (某处有某物 ) ■ There is＋单数名词＋表示场所的词（一般为介词词组） There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table ■ There are＋复数名词＋表示场所的词（一般为介词词组） There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. ★变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Is there a book in this room? Are there two pens on the table? ★变否定句在动词后面加 not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not. 三、 问句： 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句 一般疑问句 : 助动词 /be 动词 +主语 Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 特殊疑问句 : 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句 What is your name? 选择疑问句 : or Do you want beef or lamb? 反意疑问句 : 肯定陈述句 +否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分 +肯定疑问部分 You don’t need that pen, do you? 否定疑问句 : 一般疑问句 +否定词 Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest? 二． 冠词用法： a/an/the 的一般用法 详细见笔记 三． 限定词： some, any, many, much some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词， some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用 some many 修饰可数名词， much 修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用 many, much. I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money. 四． 名词： 种类，复数，名词所有格 1．名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词 无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice 抽象的东西： love, beauty, coldness（寒冷） 不可数名词有以下特点： 不能用 a, an 修饰 不能加 s 和单数 be 动词或动词搭配 可数名词： 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加 s,名词复数共有以下几种变化： 规则变化的名词 复数形式 规则1 一般情况 +s . shell→ shells book→ books 规则2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +es . fox → foxes church →churches, bus → buses, watch →watches 规则3 以 o 结尾 +s 或 +es . potato → potatoes, Negro →Negroes, hero→ heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加 s, radio→ radios 规则4 以 f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves . life→ lives half→ halves, shelf→ shelves, city → cities, wife →wives 规则5 以辅音字母 +y 结尾 , 变 y 为 i+es . sky→ skies fly→ flies 不规则变化的名词复数形式 单数 man woman foot goose tooth 复数 men women feet geese teeth 单数 child sheep deer mouse fish 复数 children sheep deer mice fish 五． 介词 ( 注意总结书上词组 ) 六．副词： 用法及形容词变副词的变化 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。 如： The book is very good. He runs fast. She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. ■ 变化： 1． 直接在形容词后加 ly, carefulcarefully, slowslowly, 2． 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，把 y变 I, 加 ly, happyhappily, luckyluckily 3． 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late 4． 有些词加上 ly 后意思与原词相差很远： nearynearly, highhighly, latelately, 一． 情态动词的使用： can, must, may, might, need, 1．情态动词 can（能够） , must（必须） , may（可以） 结。