初中英语人教版知识点总结

初中英语人教版知识点总结内容摘要：

r 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。 ) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。 ) 小窍门： 当现在完成时 +一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 1) (对 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (错 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 13. since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、 1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间 + ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间 + since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 被动语态的几种类型 1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如： He saw her in the shop yesterday. She was seen in the shop yesterday. 2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态 Li Lei gave me a chemistry book. I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei. A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei. 3）主动句中含宾语补足语 的句子的被动语态 若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加 to。 此类动词为 感官动词： feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to play football on the playground. 若宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留 to: Mother told me not to be late I was told not to be late by mother. 5）情态动词 + be +过去分词，构成被动语态。 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 6）表示 据说 或 相信 的词组 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand? It is said that… 据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that… 大家认为 It is suggested that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. 14. 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表 示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has pleted the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果 ) I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。 (表经历 ) 2) 用于 till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示 做 …… 直到 …… 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 到 …… ，才 …… He didn’t e back until ten o’clock. 他到 10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o’clock. 他一直睡到 10点。 典型例题 1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had me。