中学英语语法精典总结

中学英语语法精典总结内容摘要：

things. be used to 译为“习惯于„”，后接动词 ing 或名词 /代词 . 如： He’s used to working late. / We are all used to following others. be used for + 目的（名词或动词 ing）如： English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things. 38. through/past/across: 都可作介词，“穿过”前常有位移动词。 He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. He went past me without saying any words. He swam across the river. 【 through,内部。 past,旁边。 across,表面。 】 位移动词 + past 相当于动词 pass。 位移动词 +across 相当于 cross. number of / a number of: 前者“ … 的数量”；后者“许多的” 都跟可数名词复数。 前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。 The number of the trees is two thousand. 用单数 is. A number of trees have been cut have. ： How long， since， for， (以上见 84） until/till 等所在 肯定句 中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。 How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2020. Let’s wait until he es back.. 但否定句中可用短暂性动词： I haven’t seen you for a long time. : 1All boys/All of the boys are from China. all 接可数复数，谓语也用复数。 All of the water is polluted. 若接不可数，谓语用单数。 2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag. each 接名词单数或接 of + 限定词 +复数，后谓语都用单数。 3Both of the twins are clever. 后面谓语用复数。 4None of the students has/have been there before. none +of +限定词 +复数 , 谓语用单、复数都可。 另见 88 5When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。 6When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。 all/each/none 分别指 三者或更多 中的“都” / “每一个” /“没有一个”。 both/either/neither 两者 中“都” /“任何一个” /“没有一个” ：数量 +单位 +形容词。 The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide. The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old. 若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。 They dug an eightmeterdeep hole. /. I bought a 10kiloheavy fish. It’s a piece of 2meterthick ice. / They built a 50meterwide street. It’s a twomonth holiday. (此处计量中的形容词 long 可省略。 ) 43. Must I / May I / Need I „ ? 用法 ： 1Must I „ ?我必须„吗。 A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 2May I „ ?我可以„吗。 A: May I go out for a walk now? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn’t/can’t. 3Need I„ ?我有必要„吗。 A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. : 前有具体数字，不加 s 及 of. 否则加s, 加 of. 如： thousands of trees。 many millions of people. nine hundred people, ten thousand students 等。 但前若有 several,后常不加 s 和 of： several million pounds 疑问句 (QT)部分用法 :1something, nothing, anything, everything 作主语， QT 主语用 it. Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will e here on time, will he? QT 要结合 think 后的从句而定。 3 祈使句 的 QT 一般用 will you? 而 Let’s … 用 shall we? Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we? 4There be 句型， QT 主语用 there. There is a man working in the field, isn’tthere? There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’tthere? There won’t be a movie in the theatre, willthere? on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。 表行为，是短暂动词。 You should put on your coat when you leave. 2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。 He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. /I like wearing beautiful clothes. 3dress, “给 … 穿衣”后接人。 You can dress yourself, baby. Lucy is dressing her little brother now. be dressed in 后常接具有某种特征的衣物。 The lady is dressed in a white skirt / white. 可直接加表颜色的词。 4in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词， 不可作谓语，可作状语。 The woman in a white skirt is my teacher. Do you know the girl in a red coat? I’ve seen the boy in yellow. ： 在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即 if 从句中用 一般过去时 ，而主句动词用 would/should+动词原形 ，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 （注意：虚拟语气中的 be 动词都要用 were.） If there were no air, people would die. (与现在事实相反 ) If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小 ) : 1 如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“另一个”要用 another, 后加可数名词单数。 If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea. （没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。 cup 是单数。 ） another 也可 +数字 +可数复数： The meeting will last another two hours. / We need another six desks. 2 如果 只有两个或只有两部分 ，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是 特指 (other 前有 the.)，有如下用法： 第一种，所说内容只有两个 ： Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有两个，用 the other, 不加 s, 后面名词可省略。 】 又如： This pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. 这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。 第二种，只有两部分 ： 此种情况下 the other 后接 可数名词复数 ，或 不接名词而只在 the other后加 s. Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls. Two children went, but the others stayed. （其他孩子都留下了。 ） 3 如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是 泛指 ，不加 the. Lei Feng liked helping other people / others. Have you any other questions? Alice didn’t like that dress, so she asked to see some others. 4other 的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。 He is taller than any other boy in his class. (划线中 boy用单数 ) = He is taller than all the other boys in his class. (划线中 boy用复数 ) 他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。 long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问。 How long is the river? It’s 5,000 kilometers long. How long have you lived there? For five months. / Since 2020 2how often 是对频率提问，如： never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day 等。 How often do you watch TV? Every two days. / Twice a week. 【若只有次数，则用 how many times 提问： How many times do you watch TV a week? Twice. / only once.】 3how soon 是对“ in + 时间段 ”提问： How soon will you return to Beijing? In a week./ In two days. 4how far 是对 时间段 ’s + walk/ride/drive 或计量表达提问。 How far is it from your home to the school? Five minutes’ walk. /An hour’s ride. /Thirteen minutes’ drive. 或者说： It’s about 20 kilometers (far) away. （问和回答不同。 ） ：二分之一 : half a/an 或 a half. 如： half an hour= a half hour 半小时 It’s half past seven.(省略冠词 ) 以下情况中，分子 (基数词 )若超过一，。