第三章翻译的过程

第三章翻译的过程内容摘要：

Today a politician without elbows is as lost as a politician without principles. • 2, 短语是否是语义整体 • I don’t know what you do with your brass. • I spend it on you, always a good table, you must have. Never anything short. • 3, 一个句子是否是一个独立的语义单位 • The face is the index of the mind. • Far from eye, far from heart. • Mr. Lear is trying to oil the judge’s palm. • He has stolen a march on me. • Today in the New York Stock Exchange, all the brothers are tails up. II, 语言与经验世界的关系（ nonlinguistic context) • 所谓非语言环境，指话语及其组成部分与文化和自然环境的相互关系。 • 例： Did he receive a warm wele from the first lady of the house? • 1,话语发生时环境： • It’s freezing cold here. • ２，身体语言（ body language) • ―You think we can‖—he glanced at the couple ahead of them―like them—you and I?‖ • She shook her head. 3, 语用分析（ pragmatic analysis) • 语用分析即通过对语言的交际意义的综合分析，了解和确定说话人和话语间的关系，常常表现为说话人的感情、态度、情绪、意念等。 • I, 讲话者的情感参与 1,请求 :Would you mind lending me 10 yuan? 2, 许诺 :I shall return the book tomorrow. 3,警告 :Say that again and I’ll part with you once and for all. 4,褒贬： You are stubborn. He is pigheaded. I am strongwilled. II, 准确表达说话人的意图 • 1，确认 but, even,and,before等词的语用意义 • Harry is a professor, but can’t spell. • Even Max fell into love with her. • And you talked to him this way after all he’d done for you. • It will be a couple of years before we meet again. • 2, 确认潜台词 • “ A downtoearth man would have succeeded.‖ father scolded me. Step 2将原文转换成译入语 • 如何忠实地表达原文的意思，按照英国翻译理论家纽马克（ Newmark)。