牛津小学初中英语基本语法汇总总结

牛津小学初中英语基本语法汇总总结内容摘要：

② the 形容词比较级 of the two 表示是两者中较的 如 Look at the two boys My brother is the taller of the two ③比较级 and 比较级表示越来越 He is getting taller and taller ④ the 比较级 the 比较级表示越越 The more careful you arethe fewer mistakes youll make 5 最高级常用句型结构 ①主语 be the 形容词最高级单数名词 inof 短语表示是中最的 如 Tom is the tallest in his classof all the students ②主语 be one of the 形容词最高级复数名词 inof 短语表示是中最之一 如 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China ③序数词最高级 Hainan Island is the second largest island in China 第 数词 表示 多少 和 第几 的词叫数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种 基数词在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符 如 21 twenty – one基数词三位以上的数词 在百位和十位之间一般要用连词 and 如 132 one hundred and thirtytwo 表示 万 的词英语中没有如 1 万可用 10 千来表示 ten thousand 30 万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示 基数词的用法 1 编号的事物用基数词 如 Lesson Five Room 101 2 表示 年月日 时用基数词 3 表示 几点钟 几点过几分 用基数词 It is two to two 现在是两点差两分 4加减乘 除用基数词 One plus two is three一加二等于三 Eight minus four is four 八减四等于四 Two times two is divided by two is five 十除二等于五 5 表示百分数用基数词 Thirty percent of them is water 它们当中有 30 的水 6表示分数时分子数字用基数词 但分母要用序数词 如分子不是 1序数词要用复数形式 Onefifth of the books are mine 三分之一的书是我的 Threetenths of water is disappeared 十分之三的水不见了 序数词表示数目顺序的词用序数词 1 序数词 1━ 19 除第一第二第三第五第八第九 第十二变化不规则外 其余均由在基数词后加上 th 2 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是 是将十位整数基数词的词尾 y 变成 i 再加 eth 3 几十几的序数词只是把个位数变成序数词 十位数不变 4 第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示 one hundred and twentyfirst one thousandthree hundred and twentieth 5 序数词的缩写形式 有时序数词可以用缩写形式来表示主要缩写形式有 firstlst second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twentythird23rd 其中 lst2nd3rd为特殊形式其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上 th 6 通常前面要加定冠词 the 但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词 a 或 an 时则表示再又 Weve tried it three times． Must we try it a fourth time 7 基数词也可以表示顺序只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后 名词需大写 即可不需要添加定冠词 the first lessonLesson One the fifth pagePage 5 the twentyfirst roomRoom 21 第动词 动词表示人或事物的动作或状态根据其在句中的功能动词可分为四类 分别是实义动词指某个具体的静态如 think love 等或动态如 run walk 等系动词常用的是 be feel get look taste 等助动词常用的是 do does did 等用来构成否定句及疑问句情态动词常用的有 can may must shall should 等情态动词后一定要跟动词原形 动词的基本形式绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式动词原形一般现在时第三人称单数现在分词过去式和过去分词动词的时态一共有 16 种以 ask 为例将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask asks asked shallwill ask shouldwould ask 进行 amisare asking waswere asking shallwill be asking shouldwould be asking 完成 havehas asked had asked shallwill have asked shouldwould have asked 完成进行 havehas been asking had been asking shallwill have been asking shouldwould have been asking A 第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词后要 加 s 或 es其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同 1 一般情况下只在动词后加 s 如 workworks writewrites 2 以 os x sh ch 结尾的动词后加 es 如 guessguesses mixmixes washwashes watchwatches gogoes finishfinishes catchcatches 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词改 y 为 i 加 es 如 studystudies 注不规则变化的有 havehas B 现在分词的构成 1 一般情况下在动词后加 ing 如 studystudying workworking 2 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词先去掉 e 再加 ing 如 writewriting movemoving 3 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词要双写末尾一个辅音字母再加 ing 如 getgetting beginbeginning 4 以 ie 结尾的名词一般将 ie 改为 y 再加 ing 如 lielying diedying tietying C 过去式和过去分词的构成 1 一般情况直接加 ed 如 askasked workworked 2 以不发音的 e 结尾只加 d 如 loveloved dancedanced 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾把 y 变为 i 加 ed 如 trytried studystudied 4 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词先双写末尾一个字母再加 ed 如 stopstopped 不规则动词 此类词并无规则须熟记 小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式 sing – sang eat – ate see – saw have – had do – did go went take took buy bought get got read read fly flew amis was are were say said leave left swim swam tell told draw drew e came lose lost find found drink drank hurt hurt feel felt 二动词的被动语态 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 amisare asked 6 过去进行时 waswere being asked 2 一般过去时 waswere asked 7 现在完成时 havehas been asked 3 一般将来时 shallwill be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 shouldwould be asked 9 将来完成时 willwould have been asked 5 现在进行时 amisare being asked 10 含 有 情 态 动 词 的 canmustmay be asked 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第 一个助动词或情态动词后加 not 短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词固定结构 be going to used to have to had better 变为被动态时只需将其后的动词变为被动态 如 Trees should not be planted in summer The boy was made fun of by his classmates Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl 汉语有一类句子不出现主语在英语中一般可用被动结构表示 如 It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义如 The window wantsneedsrequires repairing The book is worth reading twice The door wont shut The play wont act The clothes washes well The book sells well The dish tastes delicious Water feels very cold 下面词或短语没有被动态 leave enter reach bee benefit cost equal contain last lack fit fail have appear happen occur belong to take place break out e about agree with keep up with consist of have on lose heart 等等 情态动词 I 情态动词基本用法 情态动词 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 can 能力体力智力技能 允许或许可口语中常用 可能性表猜测用于否定句或疑问句中 can not cannot cant do Cando Yescan Nocant could couldnt do may 可以问句中表示请求 可能或许表推测 祝愿用于倒装句中 may not do Maydo Yesmay Nomustntcant might might not do Mightdo Yesmight Nomight not must 必须应该表主观要求 肯定想必肯定句中表推测 must notmustnt do Mustdo Yesmust Noneedntdont have to have to 只好不得不客观的必须有时态人称变化 dont have to do Dohave to do Yesdo Nodont ought to 应当表示义务责任口语中多用 should ought not tooughtnt to do Oughtto do Yesought Nooughtnt shall 将要会 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺命令警告威胁等 shall notshant do Shalldo Yesshall Noshant should 应当应该表义务责任 本该含有责备意味 should notshouldnt do Shoulddo will 意愿决心 请求建议用在问句中 would 比较委婉 will notwont do Willdo Yeswill Nowont would would notwouldnt do dare 敢常用于否定句和疑问句中 dare notdarent do Daredo Yesdare Nodarent need 需要 必须常用于否定句和疑问句中 need notneednt do Needdo Yesmust Noneednt used to 过去常常现在已不再 used notusedntusent to do didnt use to do Usedto do Yesused Nouse。