材料科学与工程专业英语第二版翻译答案老师整理的

材料科学与工程专业英语第二版翻译答案老师整理的内容摘要：

stic crosssectional area Polymerization reaction double bond Chemical postion/constituent degradation by oxidation。 Polymers with different chemical structures have different physical properties and chemical properties. ，由于不能取消化学过程，因此不能重新再成型。 Thermosetting plastic is shaped through irreversible chemical processes and therefore cannot be reshaped readily. ，因为它太软了，并且太容易发生化学反应。 Natural rubber is not a useful polymer because it is too soft and chemically reactive. ，使聚合物具有抗日照和抗氧化降解的性质。 Various substances may be added to polymers to provide protection against the effects of sunlight or against degradation by oxidation. Unit16： 工程材料 结果形成的材料 增强的混凝土 金 属基复合材料 陶瓷基复合材料 三明治结构 1. 例如，多相金属在微观层次上是复合材料，但广义上讲，复合材料这个术语，指代的是两个或多个不同材料之间依靠机械力结合而形成的材料。 2. 许多情况系下，复合材料有一个体相：它是连续的，被称为基体，还包括一个分散的、不连续相，被称为增强体。 3. 先进复合材料是树脂和纤维的结合，通常是碳纤维 /石墨、凯夫拉纤维、玻璃纤维和树脂。 纤维保证刚度，周围的聚合物树脂基体将整个结构固定起来。 4. 如果复合材料被正确地设计和加工，它具备增强体的强度、基体的韧性，获得所需要的结合的性质，这种性质是任 何传统单一材料所不具备的。 Composite materials reinforced materials Glass fiber host/matrix materials Strengthening mechanism traditional materials ，由具有每种组分单独存在时所不具备的性能。 A posite retains its own distinctive properties that cannot be achieved by any of the ponents acting alone. 2/3，硬度是铝的 倍。 该材料耐老化，易修复。 Carbonepoxy posites are two thirds the weight of aluminum, and two and a half times as stiff. Composites are resistant to fatigue damage and harsh environments, and are repairable. ，强化塑料、金属基复合物、陶瓷基复合物及混凝土都是复合材料。 From the concept of posites, reinforced plastic, metalmatrix posite, ceramicmatrix posite and concrete, etc, are all posites. ，纤维主要起承载负荷的作用。 玻璃纤维和碳纤维就是这种复合材料中的两种。 In fiberreinforced posites, the fiber is the primary load bearing ponent. Fiberglass and carbon fiber ponents are examples of fiberreinforced posites. Unit19： 纳米结构材料 制造过程 表面积 /体积比 (比表面积 ) 纳米尺度 球半径 光电器件 伯氏矢量 钉扎点 1. 大多数生物分子和其他 生物材料是纳米尺寸的，因此纳米尺度提供了一个研究这些生物分子、材料和其它材料发生交互作用的最佳机会 /手段。 2. 不管纳米材料性质和它们的制作过程如何，纳米材料许多奇异、甚至令人兴奋的性质可以归结为一个简单道理：如果材料 /结构的尺度接近纳米时，物理性质和化学性质将发生巨大的 变化。 3. 这对纳米材料的光学性质产生巨大的影响：例如吸收光谱又红外向可见光区域移动。 4. 另外一种磁学上的纳米效应 是所谓的巨磁电阻效应，已经被用来制作磁存储器件。 5. 根据这个方程可知：预置裂纹越小，临界应力越高。 Nanotechnology interdisplinary subject Twodimentional nanostructure critical length Surface tention thermal motion Selfanization brittle failure 1. Nanotechnololgy deals with materials with dimensions in the nanometer range. 2. If the dimensions of materials approach the nanoscale, three amazing effects e to play a role.(Materials will possess three new effects/properties, which the original ones do not have.) 3. Nanotechnololgy consists of nanoeletronics, nanomechanics and nanomaterials, etc.. 4. The hardness of nanocrystalline copper is five times higher than that of microcrystalline one. Unit22： 密切接触 惰性材料 人工材料 药理接受性 组织力学和动力学 个体应用 微球胶囊技术 1. 生物材料是一种合成材料 ，它是以一种同活体组织密切接触的方式替换生命系统中的某一部分或者发挥功能的材料。 2. 相反，生理材料是生理系统产生的材料，例如：骨头、皮肤或动脉。 3. 如果不被取出来，暂时性植入 体也会变成永久性植入体，例如用以固定骨折部位所使用的接骨板，愈合后不取出来的话，就变成了永久性植入体。 4. 器官移植可以恢复某些功能，这些功能是人造材料所不具备的，或者是天然器官所具备的更好的功能。 5. 基于基体组织的科学知识 在探索生物材料的研究和发展的各种方法中，具有很大的帮助。 Biomaterial biopatibility Hearing aids ethylene oxide Tissue engineering transplantation of ans 1. One can classify biomaterials into permanent and transient, depending on the time intended to be in the body. 2. Generally, this study, known as biomechanics, is incorporated into the design and insertion of implants. 3. New areas of biomaterials may develop using nanoscale materials or devices. 4. The scaffold materials are important since they must be patible with the cells and guide their growth.（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of prehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen innerparty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the code adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard。 rule around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party anizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process。 the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party。 the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations column 1 by 2020 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which r。