安全工程专业外语翻译

安全工程专业外语翻译内容摘要：

stem. Waring calls the three anizational models as the mechanical model, the sociotechnical model, and the human activity system approach. 5 In the mechanical model, the structures and processes of an anization are welldefined and logical, but people as individuals, groups, and the whole anizations are not considered. The sociotechnical model is an approach to work design which recognizes the interaction of technology39。 and people， and which produces work systems that are technically effective and have characters that lead to high job satisfaction. A positive dimension in this model is that human factors are seen important, for example, in munication, training and emergency responses. The last model, the human activity system approach focuses on people, and points out the plexity of anizations. The strength of this approach is that both formal (or technical) paradigms and human aspects like motivation, learning, culture, and power relations are considered. Waring points out that although the human activity approach does not automatically guarantee success, it has proven to be beneficial to anizations in the long run. 一些企业意识到在工作之中健康和安全是最重要的。 在企业的安全管理的提升的过程中可以看到清晰的发展阶段。 华林根据其成熟度和建立一个有效的安全管理制度的 能力将组织划分了三类。 华林三种组织模式分别为为机械式模型，社会和技术模式，以及人类活动的系统方法。 在机械式模型中，一个组织的结构和流程都明确定义和逻辑，但并没有考虑到人、群体和整个组织。 社会和技术模式是通过设计工作，认识到技术与人的关系，开创了有效并具备高工作满意度的工作系统。 在此模型中的积极的方面是人为因素被视为重要的，例如，在通信，培训和紧急响应。 最后的模型中，人类活动的系统方法侧重于人，并指出了组织的复杂性。 这种方法的优势在于，正式（或技术）的范例和人力方面，如动机，学习，文化和能量关系的考虑。 韦林指 出，虽然人类活动的做法并不能确保成功，它已被证明是对组织的长远发展有利。 3. Safety Policy and Planning A status review is the basis for a safety policy and the planning of safety activities. According to BS 8800 a status review should pare the pany’s existing arrangements with the applicable legal requirements, anization39。 s current safety guidelines, best practices in the industry’s branch， and the existing resources directed to safety activities. A thorough review ensures that the safety policy and the activities are developed specifically according to the needs of the pany. 状态 评论 是一个安全政策和规划基础的安全活动。 根据 BS 8800的 状态评估应该将企业的当前状况与适用的法律要求 ，组织当前的安全方针，在行业中表现最好的做法，及用于安全活动的现有资源进行比较。 一个彻底的状况评审能确保根据公司的需要来开发安全政策和活动。 A safety policy is the management’s expression of the direction to be followed in the anization. According to Petersen, a safety policy should mit the management at all levels and it should indicate which tasks, responsibilities and decisions are left to lowerlevel management. Booth and Lee have stated that a safety policy should also include safety goals as well as quantified objectives and priorities. The standard BS 8800 suggests that in the safety policy， management should show mitment to the following subjects ： 一个安全政策是组织中要遵守的指令在管理层的表现。 安全政策应指导各级管理人员，并应说明哪些任务，职责和决定都留给 较低级别 的管理。 布斯和 Lee 表示 ,安全政策还应该包括安全目标、量化目标和优先事项。 根据 BS 8800标准中的安全政策 ,管理人员应该承诺以下主题 : 6 Health and safety are recognized as an integral part of business performance ； A high level of health and safety performance is a goal which is achieved by using the legal requirements as the minimum, and where the continual cost effective improvement of performance is the way to do things； Adequate and appropriate resources are provided to implement the safety policy； The health and safety objectives are set and published at least by internal notification ；The management of health and safety is a prime responsibility of the management ， from the most senior executive to the supervisory level ； The policy is understood, implemented, and maintained at all levels in the anization ；Employees are involved and consulted in order to gain mitment to the policy and its implementation。 The policy and the management system are reviewed periodically, and the pliance of the policy is audited on a regular basis。 It is ensured that employees receive appropriate training， and are petent to carry out their duties and responsibilities. 健康和安全被确认为经营表现主要的组成部分； 一个高等级的健康和安全性能的水平的实现满足法律要求是最低限度，应采取持续的成本效益好的方式改善性能； 提供足够和适当的资源来实施安全政策； 健康和安全目标的制定及公布至少以内部通知，健康与安全的管理是管理的首要责任，应从最高级管理人员的监管水平出发； 该政策要被组织中的各 个层次人员理解，实施和维持； 员工参与和协商，以便能认可和执行政策； 对政策和管理制度进行定期审查，定期进行政策的合规审计； 它确保员工受到适当的培训，并有能力履行其职责及责任。 Some panies have developed socalled “safety principles’ which cover the key areas of the pany’s safety policy. These principles are utilized as safety guidelines hat are easy to remember, and which are often placed on wallboards and other public areas in the pany. As an example, the DuPont pany39。 s safety principles are the following： 一些公司出台了 安全准则，它涵盖了公司在关键领域的安全政策 ， 这些准则是一些很容易被记住的安全指导方针，经常被放置在 墙板 上 或者是公司的其他公共场所。 列 举一个例子，杜邦公司的安全原则如下： All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented. Management is responsible for safely. Safety is an individual’s responsibility and a condition of employment. Training is an essential element for safe workplaces. Audits must be conducted. All deficiencies must be corrected promptly. It is essential to investigate all injuries and incidents with injury potential. Offthejob safety is an important part of the safety effort. 7 It is good business to prevent injuries and illnesses. People are the most important element of the safety and occupational health program. 所有的伤害和职业病是可以预防的。 管理者应该为安全负责。 安全既是个人的责任也是接受雇佣的条件之一。 培训是构成安全的工作场所的基本要素。 安全审计工作必须进行。 所有的不安全因素要及时纠正。 调查所有的伤害以及潜在的伤害事件是至关重要的。 工作时间外的安全是安全工作的重要组成部分。 预防受伤和疾病是有益的。 人是安全以及职业健康计划中最重要的要素。 The safety policy should be put into practice through careful planning of the safety activities. Planning means determination of the safety objectives and priorities, and preparation of the working program to achieve the goals. A pany can have different objectives and priorities according to the nature of the typical hazards, and the current status of hazard control. However, some mon elements to a safety activity planning can be found. According to BS 8800， th。