机械工程专业英语_部分原文翻译

机械工程专业英语_部分原文翻译内容摘要：

产工艺 ,采用传统加工过程不可行 ,满意或经济因特殊原因如下所示 : 1. Very bard fragile materials difficult to clamp for traditional machining。 1。 非常脆 弱的材料很难夹巴德传统加工。 2. When the workpiece is too flexible or slender, 2。 当工件太灵活或苗条 , 3. When the shape of the part is too plex。 3。 当形状的部分是过于复杂。 4. Parts without producing buns or inducing residual stresses. 4。 部分没有生产面包或诱导残余应力。 Traditional machining can be defined as a process using mechanical (motion) energy. 传统加工可以被定义为一个流程使用机械 (运动 )能量。 Nontraditional machining utilizes other forms of energy。 the three main forms of energy 非传统加工利用其他形式的能源。 三种主要形式的能量 used in nontraditional machining processes are as follows: 用于非传统加工过程如下 : 1. Thermal energy。 1。 热能。 2. Chemical energy, 2。 化学能源 ,3. Electrical energy. 3。 电能。 Several types of nontraditional machining processes have been developed to meet extra required machining conditions. When these processes are employed properly, they offer many advantages over traditional machining processes. The mon nontraditional machining processes are described in the following section. 几种类型的非传统加工过程已经被开发出来 ,以满足额外的要求加工条件。 当这些流程是正确使用 ,他们提供了许多优点比传统的加工过程。 常见的非传统加工过程是下一节描述。 Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 电火花加工 (EDM) Electrical discharge machining (EDM) sometimes is colloquially referred to as spark machining, spark eroding, burning, die sinking or wire erosion. It is one of the most widely used nontraditional machining processes. The main attraction of EDM over traditional machining processes such as metal cutting using different tools and grinding is that this technique utilizes thermoelectric process to erode undesired materials from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring discrete electrical sparks between workpiece and electrode. [2] 电火花加工 (EDM)有时是通俗地称为电火花加工、电火花侵蚀 ,燃烧 ,开模或钢丝侵蚀。 这是一个最广泛使用的非传统加工过程。 主要的吸引力比传统的电火花加工过程 ,如金属切削使用不同的工具和磨削是这种技术利用热电过程侵蚀无用的材料工件的一系列迅速反复出现的离散 电火花工件和电极之间。 [2] The traditional machining processes rely on harder tool or abrasive material to remove the softer material whereas nontraditional machining processes such as EDM uses electrical spark or thermal energy to erode unwanted material in order to create desired shapes. So, the hardness of the material is no longer a dominating factor for EDM process. 传统的加工流程依赖困难工具或研磨材料去除软 材料而非传统加工如 EDM使用电火花或热能侵蚀多余的材料以创建所需的形状。 所以 ,硬度的材料不再是一个主要因素电火花放电加工。 EDM removes material by discharging an electrical current, normally stored in a capacitor bank, across a small gap between the tool (cathode) and the workpiece (anode) typically in the order of 50 volts/l0 amps. As shown in Fig6. 1, at the beginning of EDM operation, a high voltage is applied across the narrow gap between the electrode and the workpiece. This high voltage induces an electric field in the insulating dielectric that is present in narrow gap between electrode and workpiece. This cause conducting particles suspended in the dielectric to concentrate at the points of strongest electrical field. When the potential difference between the electrode and the workpiece is sufficiently high ,the dielectric breaks down and a transient spark discharges through the dielectric fluid, removing small amount of material from the workpiece surface. The volume of the material removed per spark discharge is typically in the range of 105 to 106 mm3. The gap is only a few thousandths of an inch, which is maintained at a constant value by the servomechanism that actuates and controls the tool feed. 除材料的电火花加工放电电流 ,通常存储在电容器银行 ,在一个小差距工具 (阴极 )和工件 (阳极 )通常在订单 50 伏特 / 10 安培。 图 6 所示。 1,开始时 ,一个高压电火花加工操作是应用在狭窄的电极之间的差距和工件。 这个高电压产生电场在绝缘介质中存在的差距和工件之间的狭窄电极。 这导致导电粒子悬浮在介质集中点的最强的电场。 当潜在的区别和工件的电极是足够高 ,电介质分解和瞬时放电通过电介质 ,消除少量的材料从工件表面。 材料去除的体积每火花放电通常在 10 5 到 10 6 的范围 mm3。 这个差距只有几英寸的秒这个级别 ,这是维持在一个恒定值由伺服机构 ,促动和控制工具进给。 Chapter 7 Introduction 引入 Quality and accuracy are major considerations in making machine parts or structures. 质量和准确性是主要的考虑因素在制造机零件或结构。 Interchangeable parts require a high degree of accuracy to fit together. With increasing accuracy or less variation in the dimension, the labor and machinery required to manufacture a part is more cost intensive. [l] Any manufacturer should have a thorough knowledge of the tolerances to increase the quality and reliability of 39。 a manufactured part with the least expense. 具有互换性的零件需要一个高精确度来组装在一起。 随着准确性或更少的变异在尺寸、劳动和机械需要制造一个部分是更多的成本密集型。 []是任何制造商应该有一个全面的知识的公差 ,以便提高质量和可靠性的一个制造最少的部分费用。 An engineering drawing must be properly dimensioned in order to convey the designer39。 s intent to the end user. Dimensions of parts given on blueprints and manufactured to those dimensions should be exactly alike and fit properly. Unfortunately, it is impossible to make things to an exact or dimension. Most dimensions have a varying degree of accuracy and a means of specifying acceptable limitations in dimensional variance so that a manufactured part will be accepted and still function. It is necessary that the dimensions, shapes and mutual position of surfaces of individual parts are kept within a certain accuracy to achieve their correct and reliable functioning. Routine production processes do not allow maintenance (or measurement) of the given geometrical properties with absolute accuracy. [2] Actual surfaces of the produced parts therefore differ from ideal surfaces prescribed in drawings. Deviations of actual surfaces are divided into four groups to enable assessment, prescription and checking of the permitted inaccuracy during production: 一个工程图纸必须得到适当的尺寸 ,以传达设计者的意图给最终用户。 维度上给出的部分设计图和制造这些维度应该完全一样 ,恰到好处。 不幸的是 ,它是不可能让事情一个确切的或维度。 大多数维度有不同程度的准确性和一种方式来指定可接受的限制在维方差这样一个人造的部分会被接受 ,还是函数。 这是必要的 ,尺寸、形状和表面的相互位置的各个部分都保持在一定的精度 ,达到他们的正确和可靠的功能。 日常生产过程不允许维护 (或测量 )给定的几何属性以绝对的精度。 [2]实际表面产生部分因此不同于理想的表面在图纸规定。 偏离实际的表面分为四组 ,使评估、处 方和检查错误的允许生产过程中 : 1. Dimensional deviations。 1。 尺寸偏差。 2. Shape deviations。 2。 形状的偏差。 3. Position devi。