中考英语精品复习资料--高频语法考点总结内容摘要:

) few: ◈ 1 few, little“ 几乎没有 ; 少 ” 否定词。 few 加可数名词复数 , little加不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle, is there? (前否定 , 后肯定 ) Tom is so shy that he has few friends. ◈ 2 a few“ 一些 ” 肯定词 , 加可数名词复数。 a little“ 一些 ; 一点 ” 也是肯定词 , 加不可数名词。 Tom is not an Englishman , but he knows a little English. ◈ 3 另外 , 在 too, very, so 等词后用 few, little。 在 only, just, still 等词后用 a few, a little. 而quite a few / a little 都译为 “ 很多 ”, 分别相当于 many 和 much. ( 注 : 有时 a little… ..并不是固定短语。 如 : a little sheep 译为 “ 一只小羊 ”) +副词 : put on (穿上 ) / put off (推迟 ) / put away (把 … 整理好 ) / put up (举起 ,搭起, 挂起 , 张贴 ) / put down (放下 ) / put out(扑灭 )。 break down(损坏 , 倒塌 )。 turn on(打开 ) / turn off (关闭 ) / turn up (调大 ) / turn down(关小 )。 get back(取回 )。 use up(用光 )。 cut up(切碎 ) eat up(吃光 ) sell out(卖完 ) cheer up(振作 ) give away(赠送 ) / give out(发放 ) / give up(放弃 ) / give back(归还 )。 pick up(捡起 、 拿起 ) try out(验证 ) / try on(试穿 )。 ring up/ call up(打电话 )。 clean up / out ( 打扫干净 )。 set up( 成立 )。 think up( 想出 ; 想起 )。 hand in (上交 ) / hand out(分发 ; 散发 )。 fix up(修理 )。 work out(算出 ) dress up(打扮 )。 help out(帮人解决 )。 keep off / keep out(阻止 ; 挡住 ); take off(脱下 ) / take away(拿走 ) / take out(拿出 )。 look up(查找 ) / look over(仔细查看 )。 throw away / off (抛弃 ) wake up(叫醒 )。 write down(写下 )。 let down(使沮丧 )。 make up(编造 、 组成 ); set off(激起 、 触发 ) 注 : 名词做以上短语的宾语 , 可放在它们中间或后边 ; 而代词做宾语 , 只放在中间。 …… as 用法 : 中间加形容词和副词原级。 ◈ 1 和 „ 一样 „ His room is as big as mine. He runs as fast as I do / me / I. You should keep the room as clean as your brother’s. ◈ 2 as„ as possible / sb can “ 尽可能 „” We went there as soon as possible. Listen to the teacher as carefully as you can. He went there as quickly as he could. ◈ 3 有些短语有几个意思 : as soon as 和 „ 一样快 ; 一 „ 就 „; as much as 和 „ 一样多 ;多达 ; as long as 和 „ 一样长 ; 长达 ; 只要 ; as well as 和 „ 一样好 ; 和 „ 一样 ; as far as 远达 ; 就 „ 来说 (as„ as„ 在否定句中也可说 so„ as„ .) 也可表示倍数 : This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 用法 : prefer sth to sth 或 prefer doing sth to doing sth.“ 比起 „ 更 喜欢 „” prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿 „ 也不愿 „ 若单独一个 prefer, 和 like 用法类似 , 后接 to do sth 或 doing sth “ 更喜欢做某事 ” 28. some, any, every用法 : ◈ 1 some“ 某 ~, 一些 ~”, 用于肯定的陈述句中。 I have something to tell you. Maybe somebody has taken it. 若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答 或表示请求或建议 . Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? Will you buy me some books? May I give you some tea? Would you like some milk? 在一些 ”do some…” 短语中 , 即使是疑问句中 , some 也不变为 any. 如 : Will you do some washing next Sunday? 这些短语有 : do some shopping / cleaning / cooking / sweeping / washing 等。 ◈ 2 any, 在疑问句中仍译为 “ 某 ~, 一些 ~” Do you have anything to say。 Is anybody in the house。 Have you seen it anywhere? 在 if 引导的句中 , 常用 any. 如 : If you have any water, please give me some. 在肯定句和否定句中译为 “ 任何 ~” You may put the box anywhere in the room. He is taller than any other student in the class. We won’t have anything to eat now. ◈ 3 every“ 每 ~”, 强调所有 , 既包括此 也包括彼。 Is everybody here。 No, Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere. : 八个时态 : 一般现在时 、 现在进行时 (am / is / are + )、 一般将来时 (will / shall / be going to+动词原形 )、 一般过去时 、 过去进行时 (was / were + )、 现在完成时 (have / has + v. 过去分词 )、 过去完成时 (had + v. 过去分词 )、过去将来时 (would + v. 原形 ) 六个形式 : 原形 ; 过去式 (规则的加 ed); 过去分词 (规则的加 ed); 第三人称单数 (加 s / es); 现在分词 (); 带 to 不定式。 / whether 区别 : if 如果 (引导条件状 语 从 句 ) / 是否 (引导宾 语 从 句 ) Do you know if he will go to the post office? If he goes there, I will ask him to buy me some stamps. 两个 if, 前者 “ 是否 ”; 后者 “ 如果 ”, 观察其后时态的不同。 (各 见语法 2) whether“ 无论 ” 引导让步状 语 从 句 / “ 是否 ” 引导宾 语 从 句 ( 相当于 if) 都译为 “ 是否 ” 时 , whether 可接 or not, 也可接带 to 不定式。 而 if 则不可。 — 7— — 8— 另外 , if 可接 any单词 , 常不接 some单词。 (见语法 28.) : because, 常是对 why 的回答 , 语气最强。 位置 : Because… , … 或 … , because… . since, 表显然的或已知的理由 Since it’s already late, I must go now. for, 位置 : „, for„ .语气最弱。 I drove carefully, for it’s snowing. as 有时也指 “ 因为 ”, 用法基本无限制。 As I am ill, I won’t go. : must, may, might, could, can, can’t must“ 一定 ”, 可能性最大 , 常用于肯定句。 There is the door bell, it must be Tom. 门铃响了 , 一定是汤姆 (来了 )。 may / might“ 也许 ” 一般用于肯定句 , may 比 might 可能性大。 She is ing to us. She might be our new teacher. can / could“ 可能 ” could 比 can 语气更委婉。 但 can 多用于否定。 You could be right, but I don’t think you are. The light in the office is off. The teacher can’t be there now. 与 such 区别 : so 是副词 , 后跟形容词 /副词 , so tall / slowly / carefully / young… such 是形容词 , 后跟名词短语。 such bad weather / good news /beautiful music…。 such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone / an interesting lesson…。 such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies / clever children…。 若名词前形容词是 many, much, few, little 时 , 不用 such, 而用 so. so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water… 也常有 “ so / such … that… ” 句型 , 译为 “ 如此 … 以致于 … ”。 的另两个用法 : ◈ 1 so + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 ,“ … 也 ” 上下文所指不是同一个人或物。 The twins are working, so am I. I will leave tonight, and so will Peter. If you go there, so will I . (最后一句参见语法 2) 又如 : A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I. ◈ 2 so + 主语 + be/情态动词 / 助动词 ,“ 的确 … 是 ” 上下文所指是同一个人或物。 A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do. 又如 : A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can. ( 注意以上黑体字的照应 ) / nor 用法之一 : neither / nor + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 “ … 也不 ” 上文是否定句。 She didn’t get well, nor did her brother. Tim isn’t going to do his work, neither is John. 又如 : A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast. B: Neither have I. ( 注意以上黑体字的照应 ) , make, get, have 用法 : ◈ 1 keep + sb / sth doing sth “让 „ 一直做 „ ” I’m sorry。
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