机械工程专业英语复习资料

机械工程专业英语复习资料内容摘要：

both external tensile load and shear load, or a bination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution. 当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。 9. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one. 在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。 10. The term antifriction bearing is used to describe that class of bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact. 减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的． 11. It is this gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds． 正是螺旋齿轮，从一个齿到另一个齿的逐渐啮合和载荷的平稳传递，给了螺旋齿轮在高速下传递重载荷的能力． 12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other powertransmission elements. 轴是一个固定或转动的零件，通常是圆截面的，在它上面安装了如齿轮，带轮，飞轮，曲柄，链轮等零件和其他动力传递零件． 13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low. 粗加工，通常金属切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相对低。 14. Machines using basically the singlepoint cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) singlespindle automatic lathes, (5) multispindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines. 使用单刃切 削刀具的机床主要包括： (1)普通车床， (2)六角车床， (3)仿形车床， (4)单轴自动车床， (5)多轴自动车床， (6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床 , (7)镗床。 15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most industries. 立式钻床或钻孔压力机，具有各种各样的尺寸和类型，为了适合大多数工业的需求，这些机床都装配有充足的轴速范围和自动进给量。 16. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method. 化学蚀刻，通过使用强碱或强酸蚀刻剂来控制蚀刻过程，铝，钛，镁和钢是用这种方法处理的主要金属。 17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example. 减摩轴承使用在各种各样的产品中，例如：玩具，家用产品，电冰箱，轧辊座，汽车门，卡车，工业机械，牙医设备和导弹等等。 18. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of doubleenveloping gears while only line contact between those of singleenveloping gears. 这两者之间的重要区别是：在双包围蜗轮组的轮齿间有面接触，而在单包围蜗轮组的轮齿间只有线接触。 19. Although positive clutches are not used to the extent of the frictionalcontact type, they do have important applications [3] where synchronous operation is required. 虽然强制接触离合器不像摩擦离合器用得那么广泛，但 在需要同步操作时，它们确实有着非常重要的应用。 20. Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high. 精加工，通常金属切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光洁度相对高。 21. Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) drilling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) sawing machines, (5) gearcutting machines. 使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括： (1)钻床， (2)铣床， (3)拉床， (4)锯床， (5)齿轮切削机床。 22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model. 仿形铣床的特点是刀具和跟踪元件的轨迹运动的协调或同步，或者是工件和模型的轨迹运动的协调或同步。 23. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one. 在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。 24. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both conducting and nonconducting material, and relies entirely upon abrasive action for metal removal. 超声波加工工艺既应用于导体材料，也用于非导体材料，并且完全依赖于磨损作用进行金属切削。 五．翻译下列短文 kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain. （ 运动链是一个构件系统装置即若干个刚体，它们或者彼此铰接或者互相接触，方式上是允许它们彼此间产生相对运动。 如果构件中的某一构件被固定而使任何其他一个构件运动到新的位置将会引起其他各个构件也运动到确定的预期的位置上的话，该系统装置就是一个可约束的运动链。 如果 构件中的某一构件仍保持固定而使任一运动到达一新的位置而不会使其他各个构件运动到一个确定的预期的位置上的话，则该系统装置是一个非约束运动链。 ） 2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, bee (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its rigid links。 a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform plex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force transmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study. （ 机构或连杆构件是一个可约束的传动链而且是一个从输入到输出以传递运动和（或）力为目的的机械装置。 连杆机构是由通常被认为是刚体构件或杆组成的，它们是以销轴铰接的，例如用柱销（圆形的）或棱柱体销轴铰接，以便成形开式或闭式（回环式）的运动链。 这样的运动链在至少有一个构件被固定的条件下：（ 1）如果 至少有两个构件能保持运动，就变为 机构，（ 2）如果没有一个构件能够运动，则就成为结构。 换句话说，机构是允许其 “ 刚性构件 ” 之间相对运动，而结构则不能。 由于连杆机构做成一简单机构而且能设定实现复杂的任务，例如非线性运动和力的传递运动。