外文翻译----高层建筑设计标准

外文翻译----高层建筑设计标准内容摘要：

te and structural steel have made great strides and opened horizons for more efficient use of these materials. The structural engineers and architects also have met the challenge to find efficient and economical new structural systems for various ranges and heights of buildings going all the way to well over 100stories. Consequently, the process of selecting a structural system for a tall building has bee more plicated than it ever was. Structural system approach used for the total design of a building. The process of choosing the structural system for a tall building depends on many criteria which are not always structural. Without the understanding of all of these significant criteria, the structural engineer would feel frustrated in his efforts. The process of designing a building is multidiscipline, and since structure is an integral part of the total scheme, the successful adoption of an innovation in concept will have a much harder time of for acceptance if the engineer does not have an understanding of these criteria, The following is a brief discussion of these design criteria.. 1. Environmental Planning Consideration. In any environment the addition of a tall building will certainly influence the operation of the traffic system, as well as the flow of people in the entire neighborhood. Therefore, a tall building project must be resolved in terms of pedestrian, auto and other traffic, and also resolve the overall need for space at the ground level. While an open plaza may be a viable solution under certain climatic and planning conditions, it may not be a reasonable solution where weather conditions are extreme either for winter or for summer. In such cases alternate to open plazas must be considered as a pan of the total solution, and the structural system must respond to it. 2. The Overall Proportions of the Tower. The relationship of the building to the surrounding environment and other existing buildings and plazas may dictate the proportions of the tower itself. It is, of course, obvious that a flat narrow tower will have a higher heighttowidth ratio, which normally would mean more lateral sway. The increase in heighttowidth ratio will generally mean increase in premium for height caused by additional material required to reduce lateral sway, as well as to increase resistance to overturning. Therefore, where slender buildings is an important requirement it is essential to find alternate structural solutions of higher efficiency even though su。